Archive for the ‘Telecom and Networking’ Category

Text message ripoff

Friday, February 5th, 2010

Everyone knows that movie popcorn is one of the biggest ripoffs, right? It turns out that movie popcorn carries a 600 percent markup. The biggest ripoff: text message beats movie popcorn article tells that the text messaging has a much bigger markup. Text messages themselves, are just tiny blips of data being transferred to and from mobile devices and don’t even cost the carriers a full penny to process. So with text message an operator gets a 6,500 percent markup from 20-cent message. This number only considered the text message delivery cost. It could be possible (and very probable) that charging for text message service costs considerably more than the service itself.

But don’t expect anything to change anytime soon because operators are making good money on this as people are buying the product well at the current pricing. Those of us who pay for flat-rate, all-you-can-text plans don’t worry about cost of single text message.

Augmented Reality for Maintenance and Repair

Tuesday, January 26th, 2010

The days when you can fix your own car may be coming to an end. New vehicles have complex on-board computerized systems densely packed under the hood. Mechanics face an ever climbing learning curve to keep up with advancing automotive technology. We need some technology to solve this problem.

Columbia University’s Computer Graphics and User Interface Lab have created a system that guides you as you make repairs. ARMAR, or Augmented Reality for Maintenance and Repair, is a head mounted display unit that provides graphic overlays to assist you in making repairs. The system has been recently tested with the United States Marine Corps on an armored turret and information on it is published in IEEE. The system guides the user to the damaged area and displays 3D animations to demonstrate what to do. An Android phone provides an interface to control the graphics you view during the process.

I saw this mentioned first in Slashdot Technology: Augmented Reality To Help Mechanics Fix Vehicles. Augmented Reality To Help Military Mechanics Fix Vehicles (Video) article gives you more detailed information and video material.

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DIY fiber optic microscope

Monday, January 18th, 2010

Fiber optic microscopes are used to inspect connectors to check the quality of the termination procedure and diagnose problems. A well made connector will have a clean, smooth, polished and scratch free finish. There is not be any signs ofcracks, chips or fiber not even with the ferrule front. The magnification for viewing connectors can be 30 to 400 power but it is best to use a medium magnification. Dealextreme sells cheap Illuminated Pocket 60X to 100X Zoom Microscope that can be used for this if you make yourself a simple adapter that hold the fiber optic connector nicely in place when you want to look at it. It is hard to keep it steady while holding it at hand. You need to work out some kind of universal adapter for 2.5mm ferrules (works with FC/SC/ST connectors) and maybe another for 1.25 mm ferrules (LC and MU connectors) to keep the fiber well in place when you look at it.

A lot of “bad” fibers can be traced back to dirty connectors. You can see the dirt with microscope. But usually it is always easiest just to clean the connector every time you suspect it could be dirty. So always clean the fiber before plugging it into an interface. Cisco document Inspection and Cleaning Procedures for Fiber-Optic Connections gives you a lot of information on fiber connector cleaning.

WARNING: Remember to check that no power is present in the cable before you look at it in a microscope ­ to protect your eyes! The microscope will concentrate any power in the fiber and focus it into your eye with potentially hazardous results. Some commercial fiver microscopes have laser safety filter in them but this DIY model does not have it.

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Fiber optic testing ideas

Friday, January 15th, 2010

When working with fiber optics, you need some special tools to check fiber connections. Continuity checking makes certain the fibers are not broken and to trace a path of a fiber from one end to another through many connections. You can use a visible light “fiber optic tracer” or “pocket visual fault locator“. It looks like a flashlight or a pen-like instrument with a light bulb or LED source (sometimes laser) that mates to a fiber optic connector.

Attach the light source a fiber optic cable to test to the visual tracer and look at the other end to see the light transmitted through the core of the fiber. If there is no light at the end, go back to intermediate connections to find the bad section of the cable. Warning: Avoid looking at other fibers that could have signal in them, because active communications fibers can have so much invisible laser power in them that it can damage your eyes!

EDN design idea LED flasher checks fiber-optic strands allows you to verify fiber-optic strands. It uses two high-intensity flashing LEDs (red and yellow) that you can see at the far end of multi-mode fiber link (up to 1 km). Basically the circuit is LED flasher with some extra features (like auto power-off after 50 minutes). The fiber transmitter module is constructed simply: the T1-3/4 LEDs fit nicely into ST barrel connectors with some glue to hold them in place. If you need some other fiber connector type, you can use a patch cable to match the fiber connectors in your network.

Nice circuit idea but the circuit looks a little complicated for a LED flasher (three ICs). If you want to make something simpler, I think that you could also try the same idea with just one simple 555 timer based or other simple LED flasher circuit.

It is even possible to use a flash light for this application with suitable adapter or you can make your own light source if the commercial devices look too expensive. I own an a simple plastic adapter that connects a Mini Maglite to many common types of fiber optic connectors. It is an Universal adaptor for connectors with 2.5mm ferrules (works with FC/SC/ST connectors). It was given out for free at some fiber optics fair years ago and made from cheap plastic. It is not ideal, but it works and does the job many times.

There are also higher power versions of such tracers. A higher power version of the tracer uses red laser light that is powerful enough (typically few mW) to show breaks in fibers or high loss connectors. You can actually see the loss of the bright red light even through many yellow or orange simplex cable jackets. The red laser light can also be seen from the other end of the fiber cable that can be many kilometers long (ranges typically of up to 5km). This kind of gadget can be also used to optimize mechanical splices or pre-polished-splice type fiber optic connectors. Laser pointers are really cheap nowadays, but it is a bit hard to focus the laser beam from them well to the thin fiber.

Invisible infrared radiation normally carried in optical fiber can be made visible with a video camera. Many video cameras will detect IR radiation quite well, both black&white and color cameras (usually as RED but can be other color as well). The camera on your cell-phone can also usually work as a really cheap “laser” detector that nearly every tech carries. For example N73 cellular phone camera showed 1300 nm light as weak blue color on the fiber that has the signal in it. Because I can see IR remote control signals (850 – 950nm) on cellular phone camera, should 850 nm IR signals from fiber show as well.

The primary tools for serious fiber optics testing are a fiberscope for visual connector inspection and a power meter with laser source, a set of laser goggles (if you plan to work on single-mode or long-haul multimode fiber), an assortment of fiber patch cables, and a mini-maglite with fiber adapter (for simple continuity tests). There are many tutorials on the web showing how to use these tools, most from equipment vendors themselves, and some are even high quality video presentations.

More fiber optic testing ideas and information can be found at Fiber Optic Testing FAQ, LANshack.com Fiber Optic Testing, FOA Reference Guide To Fiber Optics Fiber Optic Testing, Measuring Power in Fiber Optics and Can You Build a Fiber Test Kit On a Budget?

Here is picture of most common fiber optic connector types (from Asara web site): LC, MU, MT-RJ, SC, ST and FC

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Progress on the Symbian

Thursday, January 14th, 2010

Symbian is the world’s most popular mobile operating system, accounting for 50% of smartphone sales according to Wikipedia. The Symbian Blog posting Progress on the Symbian^3 and Symbian^4 contribution plans tells the quantity and quality of features that the community is planning for Symbian^3 mobile phone operating system. Symbian^3 is nearing Functionally Complete (expected to be ready February). New features include Multipage Homescreen, HD video support, simpler connection dialog and song recognition.

Smartphone component costs

Tuesday, January 12th, 2010

How much does the components that make a smartphone cost? iSuppli has analyzed over the years the cost of the components to make several cellular phones and other electronics gadgets. Interesting reading always when you get your hand to this material.

Nexus One is the new HTC Phone, with a Goggle name on it, with the newest Android Software, and powerful hardware inside. Nexus One’s hardware estimated to cost $175 article tells that Google’s forthcoming Nexus One smartphone is composed of components worth about $175, according to a tear-down conducted by iSuppli. That price is just for components, it does not include other expenses such as manufacturing, packaging, and software. The cost of the raw ingredients of a phone does not take into account the R&D, design and testing that must happen. And there is always the marking costs.

One very interesting part of the article is the table that lists the complete list of hardware in the Nexus One, including the prices for different components. This is interesting reading for everybody interested in what is inside this gadget. The most expensive component is Qualcomm’s 1GHz Snapdragon processor ($30.50). It runs the Google’s Android 2.1 operating system.

So it looks like the cost of making the phone is about the same as the iPhone 3G S ($178.96 BOM). Nexus pricing is not so different from the iPhone, so margins for the phone as Apple is famous for high margins.Those are the normal industry margins for high end smartphones when they are new. When the models get older, the prices tend to drop and margins fall unless the manufacturing is optimized. Just for reference check this Nokia N79 Eco Mobile Phone terdowns.

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Image source: Nexus One: “Web meets phone” video

Google Android phone and other devices

Tuesday, January 5th, 2010

Android is a rising mobile operating system running on the Linux kernel. It was initially developed by Android Inc., a firm later purchased by Google. Google opened the entire source code (including network and telephony stacks) under an Apache License. Android has been available as open source since 21 October 2008. Android allows developers to write managed code applications in the Java language. The device features are controlled via Google-developed Java libraries. Nice if you want to develop applications using Java language, not so nice if you would prefer native Linux applications. In Android the Linux is the motor pretty well hidden from the applications perspective.

There seems to be hype that about Tuesday’s expected launch of the first Google Phone. That news actually made to start writing this article. Nexus One review will give you all the details to know about this phone. According to this unauthorised review on Engadget, it’s nice, but only really a sleeker version of the Droid. It is powered by the latest version of Android (2.1 “Flan”). Read those reviews and you can see what to expect. Let’s see if Google succeeds for the benefit of creating a real competition for iPhone. Is Google trying to push Android just forward or is Google wanting to take control over the way you buy mobile phones?

Some people expect that Google wants to flip the USA mobile carrier and distribution market upside-down, becoming the place you go to search for and buy a mobile phone. You select the phone before you even pick a carrier, number, voice and data plans, or extras.

That could be new in USA, but not new to mobile markets in Europe. For example in Finland you normally used to go to buy the phone from shop, and then picked up the carrier operator you wanted to use. And you can do it freely nowadays also. Other option (became available few years ago as it became allowed to combine phone and service) is that you buy a package from operator where you get the phone and call plans at monthly fee. After paying the fee for 12-24 months (depending on plan), the phone is yours and you are free to use any operator you want with the phone.

Besides phones there seems to be interests in running Android operating system on other devices also. The expected application list goes like phones, GPS and computers. According to Gizdomo article Do You Really Need a Microwave or a Washer-Dryer Running Android? there are some developers whowant to give Android the power to control our washer-dryers and ovens and printers. Touch Revolution NIM1000 module (demonstrated at CES) is an Android-based module that is designed to control all kinds of appliances. Do you need your microwave to be a kitchen command center? This reminds me a bit of the old dot.com era where almost everyone tried push Java everywhere and Microsoft pushed Windows CE to every device out there.

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Users want more on mobiles

Monday, January 4th, 2010

Survey shows how users want more on mobiles article tells about a survey conducted by ABI Research on behalf of Mirics Semiconductor Ltd. Mirics had paid for the survey because although it was commonly held that consumers wanted more bandwidth and more services to their mobile devices the company had not seen factual evidence to back that up.

The survey respondents (1000) required faster mobile access as their top priority (around 60 percent), followed by the use of the notebook, netbook or smartphone as a personal navigation device (around 40 percent). More than 50 percent of the respondents would like to use their mobile device as an electronic wallet to pay for retail goods and public transport services. The most popular request for new service was to receive live TV (25 percent), followed by VoD (about 15 percent).

To meet those need, there are going to six or seven radios in a handheld device to communicate with different networks and services. To put all those radios to one small and considerably cheap device will be challenging. Software-based modems and radio technologies could be the key technologies for those.

Industrial Ethernet Technologies

Friday, November 27th, 2009

Industrial Ethernet Technologies: Overview is a presentation intended to give an overview over the most important Industrial Ethernet technologies. It is good reading for anyone working with Ethernet and/or automation applications.

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Default Password List

Wednesday, November 25th, 2009

Default Password List has saved the day several times when working with different network equipment. When the instructions are missing or the information on default passwords is very well hidden within the documentation, the Default Password List will give you the password information you quickly.