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All about electronics and circuit design

Grounding outside

Inside building there are situations where you can see 60-115 V AC between different equipment grounding points. When going outside the building the voltage differences can between different grounding points can become larger. In electrical engineering, Earth Potential Rise (EPR) also called Ground Potential Rise (GPR) occurs when a large current flows to earth through

Parallel port still popular

The traditional PC parallel port is getting more and more rare on new PCs. It could be said that the parallel port is practically dissappearing from the PC technology. For example my new PC I use (bought more than year ago) did not have parallel port in it. Started documenting parallel port controlling document Parallel

Agreement on Cell Phone Chargers in E.U.

European Commission has reached a voluntary agreement with some of the biggest names in the electronics industry to introduce a common charger for cell phones that fits all models. New phones configured to use the standardized chargers use a micro-USB connector for charging. Information on this USB charging connector is available at USB Approved Class

Lack of safety ground

Besides short circuit surge currents flowing on safety ground wire there are also other situations where you can see 60-115 V AC between the equipment cases. In the age of switch mode power supplies the safety ground has a new job, ie EMC line filter ground. When the power supply EMC filter is not connected

Safety ground is not reliable ground reference

I have written quite a bot of material on Ground loop problems and how to get rid of them. The ground loop related problems are often caused by small ground potential differences between different electrical outlets. Typically those ground potential differences are few volts or less. Not your fault article by Howard Johnson published in

PHP gets goto command

PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for Web development. The PHP language is very widely used on web sites. Many parts of ePanorama.net site are built using PHP programming language. PHP programming language finally gets goto command. The goto operator is available as of PHP 5.3. I am not really

Digital cameras are phasing out analog

Digital cameras are slowly phasing out analog. In still cameras the situation seems to be so that the manufacturers of the films  are stopping to manufacture well known film types. For example Polaroid has phased out Polaroid film years ago and Kodak is retiring iconic Kodachrome film. Digital photography winds the once-iconic color films into