5G trends for 2019

Here is my collection of relevant trend for 5G networks for 2019:

The most newsworthy stories in wireless today are all about 5G. In 2019, we enter a cautious, early-adoption phase of this next generation of wireless technology. 2019 will be the year when we see the first commercial networks turning on and first handsets arriving in the market. Only a small number of users will get a first taste of 5G in specific geographic locations, using specific applications, none of which are ubiquitous or cost-optimized.

5G promises a paradigm shift in throughput, latency, and scalability.We are not here yet, and may not reach those all those promises in 2019 because we might have to wait to 2020 to get a good selection of devices that can use 5G networks.The initial 5G market in 2019 might not be yet very big. The real business could start in 2020.

It is expected that by 2025, the emerging wireless 5G market is expected to reach a total value of $250B1. 5G is projected to be 100 times faster than 4G LTE. Ericsson over 1 billion 5G subscriptions for enhanced mobile broadband by the end of 2023, accounting for around 12% of all mobile subscriptions. By end of 2023, close to 50% of all mobile subscriptions in North America are forecast to be for 5G. For Western Europe 5G penetration is expected to be at 21%.

Plenty of publications are going to claim 2019 as “The Year of 5G,” but we are just seeing the first wave which could be seen as not meeting the 5G hype. 5G will arrive into this world as a marketing gimmick. When it does fully roll out, 5G has the potential to be a great but is in a risk that it is already oversold (like what happened to 3G initially). Sure, widespread use is still a few years away, but before handset manufacturers, embedded devices for industrial applications, connected cars, and the like begin to take hold, some infrastructure needs to be in place.

There will be exciting 5G applications coming in 2019. All of the hype and irrational exuberance of a few years ago are turning into initial pilot deployments. 5G is just now getting close to emerging into real wireless networks. Despite the hype, there’s still plenty of work to do and improvements to make.  And there will be failed attempts to build those new networks and applications.

The main features of the 5G are high capacity, short delay and the ability to connect a massive number of IoT sensors to the network. 5G network can be used to implement customized network services that are suitable for different needs. The capacity of the 5G network serves to exponentially increase the amount of data.The short delay is important in many different industries. Delay is of great importance in the remote control of self-propelled vehicles and other machines and equipment. It is also seen as useful for AI applications.

Networks start up

Next year, it will be interesting, for example, when the first commercial 5G networks start up.

What is true 5G will be asked often. One question to consider is if these deployed networks will be “true 5G.” It will depend on how 5G is defined. An accepted definition of a 5G subscriber is a device supporting the New Radio (NR) protocol connected to an NR base station. This is independent of which spectrum band the network utilizes. We will see NR deployed across the entire spectrum range depending on what assets operators have available to support their strategy. For the sub-6-GHz infrastructure, Release 15 radio standards specifications are comprehensive. For mmWave the technology has not been defined so clearly yet.5G deployments have begun. Carriers have promised to begin rolling out the technology in the States early 2019. Most initial deployments may be on sub-6-GHz bands, but there will be some fixed wireless use cases using millimeter-wave (mmWave) technologies.

Initially, 5G will provide the ability to deliver mobile broadband at lower cost to operators, but as full NR capability emerges, there are some exciting applications and use cases forthcoming. Industrial automation is one of the promising use cases that may leverage the low latency and high reliability provided by future 5G networks. If you recall the original IMT2020 KPIs set out by the ITU, there are several requirements that will certainly be met, but don’t expect all of the KPIs to be achieved by any operator on Day 1.

We will see NR deployed across the entire spectrum range depending on what assets operators have available to support their strategy.

Based on recent announcements from key industry players (i.e., Verizon, AT&T, Sprint, and T-Mobile), the first 5G commercial deployments will likely commence during the second half of 2019, with a target to have 5G commercial service available in 2020.
One question to consider is if these networks will be “true 5G.” It will depend on how 5G is defined. AT&T’s 5G network goes live in 12 cities — but you can’t use it yet because 5G device sales don’t start until next year.

For example, the 5G services soon launched by the Finnish operators are based on Non-Standalone (NSA) standard standard, where the data stream runs along the 5G radio path, but the control and control data of the connection passes through the LTE channel.

5G networks will be more or less cloud based. Mobile Operator DNA introduces Nokia’s cloud platforms in its upcoming 5G networks. With the new features, the degree of automation, capacity and programmability of today’s networks can be raised to a new level, according to DNA.

What is the indoor coverage of a 5G network compared to a 4G network? The 3.5 gigahertz frequency used by Telia behaves very similarly to the frequencies used so far, and the 3.5 gigahertz 5G networks are built on the same base stations as the 4G networks.

Once 5G uses mmWave signals, there will still be a lower-frequency (sub 6 GHz) “anchor” to handle data when there’s no mmWave service available. mmWave service will likely be used only when available and needed. Connectivity will be constant in sub 6 GHz bands. For example in Finland majority of first 5G activity will be at 3.5 GHz.We will need both mmWave and lower frequencies to provide what was promised. The very high frequency mmWave is needed to get enough bandwidth to fast data rates.

It seems that many network operators will be retaining all their 4G infrastructure for quite long time. When 5G wireless phone subscribers who don’t enable Wi-Fi end up in 5G dead spots, they’ll be connected via 4G instead. So the bright 5G future for an awful lot of mobile phone use will actually be Wi-Fi and 4G.

Chips

There will be many new mobile chips coming.Release 15 has provided SoC makers such as Qualcomm and Intel with what they need to get baseband processors out the door.

Qualcomm has unveiled the next generation of its Snapdragon family of processors, the 855 – the first chip optimized for bringing 5G connectivity to mobile devices. The 855 is manufactured with a 7-nanometer process. The Snapdragon 855, along with its X50 modem, position the company to dominate the first wave of 5G devices. Samsung and Verizon will partner to release a 5G smartphone using Qualcomm processors in the first half of 2019. AT&T says it’s getting that 5G Samsung phone, too. Currently, at least 18 major companies — including Samsung, Nokia / HMD, Sony, Xiaomi, Oppo, Vivo, HTC, LG, Asus, ZTE, Sharp, Fujitsu, and OnePlus — are working with Qualcomm and its Snapdragon X50 5G NR modems.

Intel is putting bets on its new XMM 8160 5G modem. The XMM 8160 modem is set to be released to manufacturers sometime in the second half of 2019, with the first devices using the chip coming in early 2020. Intel says that the modem will support both millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum as well as lower-band parts of the spectrum. This Intel’s new 5G modem might power Apple’s first 5G iPhones because the company recently switched to using Intel modems exclusively for its 2018 iPhone XS and XR phones.

Huawei and Samsung are both also working on their own in-house 5G modems, too.

5G smartphones

At the moment, the expectation is that equipment manufacturers will bring the first 5G devices to consumers in the market in 2019.

Telia expects that the first devices will be routers, and tablets. It seems that in the first phase, 5G connections will be available to consumers in the form of broadband routers. Inseego has showed a mobile 5G hotspot it will launch at CES for Verizon’s network.

We’re going to see the first wave of 5G handsets appearing in 2019. At least OnePlus, Samsung, and Huawei will compete for the title of the first 5G smartphone.Huawei has promised 5G smart phone before summer. OnePlus and LG have committed to a handset and Samsung, being Samsung, has since committed to two. There will be possibly also other handsets available. It is expected that “flagship” high-end handsets will be the first to integrate some form of 5G radio. Apple is not expected to release a 5G handset until 2020.

There has been already some test 5G smart phones showed on tech shows. Samsung has showed an early version of its first 5G smartphone streaming 4K video to a large-screen TV. Motorola has demoed a 5G upgrade module that attached to its LTE smartphone.

Will you be holding a 5G smartphone in your hands in 2019? If you pay attention to the news, there’s a good chance of that happening. Will You Own a 5G Smartphone in 2019? For most people maybe not. The first 5G service plan prices will be expensive and the speeds will be considerably slower than maximums. In the beginning your 5G handset will likely spend a lot more time using 4G for quite many years. It means that until 5G becomes more ubiquitous, you’re going to be paying a hefty premium for a feature you barely use

What’s the status of 5G standards?

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is defining the 5G standard, which needs to meet the following technical requirements, as defined by the International Telecommunication Union:

>10-Gb/s peak data rates for the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)
>1 M/km2 connections for massive machine-type communications (MMTC)
<1-ms latency for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC).

The 5G standard will be defined in two subsequent releases – Release 15 and Release 16.

The Non-Stand-Alone spec came out in 2017 with the stand-alone spec released in June 2018. 3GPP Release 15 is almost done. Updates will include dual connectivity, the ability to simultaneously support LTE and 5G New Radio (5G NR). Download links will likely have both LTE and NR, possibly in the same frequency band but upload could stick to using only one connection. For the sub-6-GHz infrastructure, Release 15 radio standards specifications are comprehensive. Release 15 has provided SoC makers such as Qualcomm and Intel with what they need to get baseband processors out the door. Most of the forward-looking features reside in the baseband and generally will be implemented in software. Release 15 laid down the foundation to enable initial SoCs to be defined and subsequent first user devices to be available in 2019. For mmWave, we are still early in the game.

Work for Release 16 will start with mobile V2x communications. IoT is another aspect of Release 16. We will have to wait for it to become ready.

Technogies

Lower latency, on the order of 1 ms, is an expected feature of 5G. It will be needed for industrial control applications and even more so in V2X communications needed for connected cars. This is the promise, but I expect that the first 5G networks might not be able to fulfill this 1 ms promise.

5G will also drive radio channel counts, whether it be for macro, massive MIMO, small-cell, or mmWave form factors. Macro base stations in the low bands will expand MIMO channel counts from 2T2R to 4T4R and possibly higher. Massive MIMO radios will have increased radio density per system ranging from 16T16R to 64T64R, and mmWave radios will have up to 256 RF channels in the analog beamformers.

Much of the work is still focused on infrastructure: the radios and networks that will carry all that data. There’s still plenty of R&D activity going on modems, antenna arrays, amplifiers, data converters, etc. Power amplifiers (PAs) are a critical component of 5G base stations and user equipment. Because 5G’s emphasis on power savings, engineers are designing PAs using GaN power transistors with some using the Doherty amplifier architecture. We need to continue to reduce size, weight, and power (SWaP) consumption while supporting wider bandwidths and higher operating frequencies.

5G systems claim to be more open than older telecom systems and they use open source components. The mobile industry’s equivalent of open source is Open RAN, which will enable a service creation environment that can help realize the more advanced 5G use cases.

There are hurdles that need to be cleared before full 5G deployment can be achieved. First, we need new spectrum. This is well underway globally with many countries allocating spectrum for 5G. Ideal spectrum allocations for 5G are on the order of 50 MHz or more of contiguous spectrum to take full advantage of NR.

Test equipment is showing signs of use outside the engineering lab as equipment manufacturers and network installers need 5G test equipment. If you design devices that will connect to 5G networks, you’ll probably need also simulations

With 5G moving out of the lab and onto the street, we will see lots of announcements regarding collaborations the bring 5G design and test products to market. Anritsu and Qualcomm succeeded in testing the 5G-SA connection (Standalone) with the MT8000A testing system and the Qualcomm 5G terminal with 5G NR modem (Snapdragon X50). The commercial offering of these “genuine” 5G connections will begin in China next year.

New interface ODI could be important for 5G testing. Six companies along with the AXIe Consortium and the VITA trade industry group have endorsed a new standard called Optical Data Interface (ODI). ODI is a high-speed interface for instrumentation and embedded systems, supporting speeds up to 80 GBytes/s. ODI is now positioned to address difficult challenges in 5G communications, mil/aero systems, and high-speed data acquisition.

Changes to core network

Core networks need to evolve. Because 5G is expected to reduce latency and increase reliability over LTE, core networks will evolve into software-defined networks (SDNs) that will treat data differently depending on use case. The radio-access networks (RANs) will be modified first to handle 5G NR, but the data packets will route to the 4G core network. Over time, a 5G network core will roll out.

Deploying 5G will require distinct indoor and outdoor strategies. 5G base stations will have to be spaced more closely, necessitating more of them, especially in densely populated areas compared to 3G or 4G. Dual-mode operation (4G/5G + WiFi)  is a blessing for operators evolving their networks to 5G. Indoor reception problems are guaranteed with 5G; higher-frequency millimeter wave signals in particular will not penetrate walls.

We will need both mmWave and lower frequencies to provide what was promised. The very high frequency mmWave is needed to get enough bandwidth to fast data rates. But the higher the frequency of a wireless signal, the less well it propagates and the less able it is to penetrate obstacles. Water vapor will cause signal loss at 24 GHz. Oxygen is an impediment at 60 GHz. Verizon and Samsung recently announced a successful data transmission using 800 MHz of bandwidth at 28 GHz, resulting in a maximum throughput of almost 4 Gb/s. A lot of traditional players now talk about how active antennas will become prevalent in mmWave.

There will be need for very many small 5G base stations. Maybe not in 2019, but some years later on urban networks. The strategy has been a combination of small cells with massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas to increase coverage. Wireless network operators have been considering small cells for more than 15 years, but if small cells were the best solution for anything we’d have them already. Maybe it is necessity for mmWave based 5G networks. Previous estimates have been that the average distance between 5G base stations might be 250m to 300m. But now most equipment designers are targeting 150 meters to 200 meters apart everywhere, simply to get adequate coverage.

Wireless operators are going to have to install more 5G base stations than they did to support 4G, they’re going to have to install more 5G base stations than they originally estimated. We need lots of new 5G base stations and innovation how to install them to our environment.There will be many different approaches. Manhole cover can server as antennas. 5G base stations will be integrated to street lights, bus stops and advertisement displays.

IoT and autonomous cars

The standards for 5G will be defined in large part by the direct integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT) devices into global networks and devices. There is not yet ready 5G standards for those applications. So for 2019 IoT and IIoT will need to be pretty much stick to 4G technologies like NB-IoT and LTE-M. For 5G to shape industrial computing application in larger scale than just some small tests we will have to wait till 2020. Researchers seeking to impact 5G technologies are focused on how to properly introduce this new species of computing into the mobile networking ecosystem.

Work for Release 16 will start with mobile V2x communications. IoT is another aspect of Release 16, which should make IoT communications more efficient, reliable and lower the latency.

It is believed that 5G’s “big data pipe” will make vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2X) technologies even more powerful than originally planned. Having a high-data-rate pipe is essential to allowing vehicles to exchange information with each other. Future safety technologies could get bigger with the advent of 5G cellular communications. 5G offers data rates measured in Gigabits per second, whereas the dedicated short-range communication system (DSRC) originally intended for V2X is measured in Megabits per second. More bandwidth could translate into more information and greater safety. There’s also a new evaluation methodology being defined for V2X use cases including vehicle platooning, advanced driving to enable semi-autonomous or fully-autonomous driving, and remote driving.

The 5G technology is first utilized in the industrial sector, where it has promised to have many applications. Addressing the issues behind Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices is important. Qualcomm, the largest supplier of modem chips used in smartphones, has introduced the X50 modem to give IIoT devices the ability to communicate over 5G networks.

Security

Is 5G Technology a Blessing or a Curse for Security? The answer depends who you ask it. There are conflicting schools of thought about 5G security. Ericsson asserts that security has been built into 5G from the ground upInverse report warns that 5G’s inevitable internet of things (IoT) wave could create massive security headaches. I think the technology is new and it is inevitable that there will be many security issues until most of them get sorted out.

Trade war hits 5G

The USA vs China trade war will have some effect on the 5G development. USA has claimed that Chinese companies like Huawei and ZTE can use their telecom gear to spy on users. The Chinese telecommunications company Huawei is under scrutiny around the globe over concerns that its close ties with the Chinese government present national security threats to the U.S., Europe and allied countries.

Chinese Huawei has been subjected to a number of countries’ teeth when its network devices are not approved for 5G operators.

Countries like the United States, Australia and Japan have blocked Huawei from building their next-generation, super-fast 5G internet networks. Over the summer, Australia barred Huawei from providing 5G technology for wireless networks over espionage fears. In New Zeland GCSB bans Spark from using Huawei gear for its 5G mobile upgrade. In UK BT plans to remove the Chinese firm’s gear from the core of its networks. Germany’s IT watchdog has expressed scepticism about calls for a boycott of Chinese telecoms giant Huawei. German security authority BSI (Das Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik) had not found any evidence that Huawe’s equipment would in any way be less secure than its competitors.

The current situation has caused annoyance, even despair in Huawei’s leadership. Will there be any effect for 5G development of this? SoftBank Corp sees no tech impact from not using Huawei gear.

Applications

Due to the fast-growing 4K/8K ultra-HD video applications and the ever increasing use of AR and VR applications, 5G is needed to supplement the capacity of 4G networks.

Social Automation with 5G: About 20 percent of smart phone users believe that 5G will make it easier to connect to different IoT devices, such as home appliances and many home appliances. I think that those believes are not to be realized by 5G in 2019, because making connections to IoT devices easier is not about 5G, but IoT systems development in general. Adding 5G to the IoT communications jungle had potential to first make configuring the devices harder (more networking options means more complicated settings on device).

Operators have claimed many different applications that 5G would make it possible. In many cases those could be made without 5G and even might have already done before 5G networks become live. Here are some examples:

Remote surgery: Ahmedabad Doctor Claims World’s First Telerobotic Heart Surgery on Patient 32 KM Away article tells that Dr Tejas Patel, an internationally renowned cardiologist, claims to have performed the world’s first cardiovascular stent surgeryoperating from a remote area. I did not seem any mention of 5G used there. I expect that this was performed using fixed network connections that are available now and are more reliable than wireless systems like 5G.

Self driving cars: They are already being tested without 5G. 5G could help here. For Self driving cars have multitude of challenges to get them run properly, and 5G will help to solve only few of them. We will need to wait for Release 16 standard to be implemented to network to see the benefits to autonomous traffic.

Artificial intelligence: We are already doing that without 5G. The current trends seems to be that the AI is made both at the edge device and in the cloud. Using this architecture 5G does not seem to do very much at the moment to help AI solutions.

Industrial applications: The short delay is said to be important in many different industries. And the 5G will be important for industrial applications. I am still waiting for real applications to appear. One question for critical industrial applications will be how reliable the 5G network will be. In the beginning there will always be issues in keeping the network reliable in changing wireless conditions and when the brand new devices have software bug in them. For industrial applications we need to find niches where benefits out-weight the potential risks that network might not be very reliable.


Be warned of “fake 5G”

5G will arrive into this world as a marketing gimmick. We will see lots of “fake 5G” marketing in 2019.

I expect we will see many first commercial 5G network press releases. Many marketers will try to frame their 5G offering to form in which they can claim it to be he “the first commercial 5G”. I expect that many of those news releases will be publishes in magazines as news that claim that 5G just started for real now.Was this really the first commercial 5g networks? Hard to say for sure and depends on criteria what is considered to be be “commercial 5G network”.

This can also mean that something that is not really still only 4G is rebranded as being 5G solution. Verge reports that AT&T customers will start to see a 5G logo appear in the corner of their smartphone next year — not because they’re using a 5G phone connected to a 5G network, but because AT&T is going to start pretending its most advanced 4G LTE tech is 5G.

Another example Forum Virium 5G test project in Helsinki Finland will use 4G LTE based NB-IOT and LTE-M technologies for IoT communications because 5G IoT standards are not ready yet and claims that those 4G solutions are 5G compatible (whatever it means). I think those are confusing and borderline deceptive moves designed to win the coming advertising wars around 5G.

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https://www.eeweb.com/profile/max-maxfield/articles/5g-trends-and-predictions-for-2019-from-analog-devices

https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/design-and-optimization-of-fbar-filters-to-enable-5g

https://beebom.com/ahmedabad-doctor-telerobotic-heart-surgery/

https://www.ericsson.com/en/press-releases/2017/11/ericsson-predicts-1-billion-5g-subscriptions-in-2023

https://www.itweb.co.za/content/Gb3Bw7WoYZA72k6V

https://www.eeweb.com/profile/bencardwell/articles/the-5g-future-begins-now

https://www.uusiteknologia.fi/2018/12/10/keinoaly-5g-ja-lohkoketjut-tulevat-energia-alalle/

https://www.designnews.com/electronics-test/snapdragon-855-brings-5g-mobile-devices/143453103559919?ADTRK=UBM&elq_mid=6818&elq_cid=876648

608 Comments

  1. Tomi Engdahl says:

    How to Prepare for the Coming 5G Security Threats
    https://securityintelligence.com/how-to-prepare-for-the-coming-5g-security-threats/

    Over the next few years, the pace of business will accelerate exponentially. 5G will enable the future enterprise technologies everyone is predicting and waiting for: fleets of self-driving delivery trucks, virtual (VR) and augmented reality (AR), and a world of enterprise Internet of Things (IoT) deployments — systems that will define an era that the World Economic Forum termed the “Fourth Industrial Revolution.” But do we understand the 5G security threats to come?

    Reply
  2. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Stu Woo / Wall Street Journal:
    Some of Huawei’s clients complain Nokia and Ericsson are slow to release telecom gear as advanced as Huawei’s, creating challenges if carriers have to switch

    Huawei Rivals Nokia and Ericsson Struggle to Capitalize on U.S. Scrutiny
    https://www.wsj.com/articles/huawei-rivals-nokia-and-ericsson-struggle-to-capitalize-on-u-s-scrutiny-11546252247

    Nokia and Ericsson have been slow to release telecom equipment as advanced as Huawei’s, major wireless providers say

    Reply
  3. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Home> Community > Blogs > 5G Waves
    5G design activity ramps up
    https://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/5g-waves/4461409/5G-design-activity-ramps-up-

    With 5G moving out of the lab and onto the street, we’ve received a flurry of recent announcements regarding collaborations the print 5G design and test products to market.

    Reply
  4. victor says:

    Most of the Brands have formally declared their plans for a foldaway smartphone. this can be useful for people who carry a smartphone in addition as tablets with them.
    How many cameras does one have to be compelled to click an honest photograph.

    Reply
  5. Tomi Engdahl says:

    5G Needs New Approach to Security
    https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1334147

    Planning for security in 5G networks requires a whole new approach compared to previous-generation networks to protect network infrastructure, according to a new technical report on 5G architecture and security published by the U.K. government.

    With 5G rollouts planned in some form or another around the world this year, the very fact that the architecture opens up opportunities for multiple players to operate on the network (rather than just a single network operator) could significantly increase the attack surface for connected devices, autonomous vehicles, and other use cases flagged up for 5G. Hence, the report suggests that a whole new mobile security strategy is needed and makes four significant security-based recommendations that the authors believe will protect vital infrastructure.

    “Since the age of 2G, mobile networks have been some of the most secure things on the planet, helped by the fact that each one is controlled by a single network operator,” said Peter Claydon, project director of AutoAir, one of the 5G testbeds in the U.K. that contributed to the report. “5G opens up mobile networks, allowing network operators to provide ‘slices’ of their networks to customers. Also, customers’ data can be offloaded and processed at the edge of the network without going through the secure network core. This report is a timely reminder of the security challenges that these new features raise.”

    Technical Report on 5G Network Architecture and Security
    https://uk5g.org/discover/research/technical-report-5g-network-architecture-and-secur/

    Reply
  6. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Elisalla jo satoja 5G-tukiasemia
    http://www.etn.fi/index.php/13-news/8893-elisalla-jo-satoja-5g-tukiasemia

    Elisa kertoi vuoden alussa käynnistäneensä 5G-verkkojen toiminnan Tampereen ja Helsingin lisäksi Turussa ja Jyväskylässä. Yhtiön mobiiliteknologioista vastaavan Eetu Prieurin mukaan operaattorilla on näissä kaupungeissa useita satoja 5G-valmiita tukiasemia.

    Reply
  7. Tomi Engdahl says:

    EU Looks to Reduce Exposure to Chinese 5G Risk: Report
    https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/eu-looks-reduce-exposure-chinese/

    The European Union is hoping to lead a more coordinated response to security concerns over Chinese 5G equipment makers, it has emerged.

    Brussels wants to ensure it doesn’t end up with a situation where member states have unwittingly allowed Chinese kit to dominate across the region, according to the FT.

    One unnamed diplomat told the paper that with although 5G auctions can raise billions for governments, the EU is “urging everyone to avoid making any hasty moves they might regret later.”

    “It’s quite a serious strategic problem for the EU and we haven’t properly mapped the exposure,” they added. “The problem is every country is interested in the 5G auction because it’s a massive payday. Once these auctions have happened you need to avoid a situation where you end up with the entire continent being with one [equipment] provider.”

    The EU wants to map its exposure to Chinese technology as national security concerns mount.

    The US, Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan and Japan have all banned Huawei products on security fears to a lesser or greater extent, despite the firm repeatedly protesting its innocence.

    Reply
  8. Tomi Engdahl says:

    How 5G will change your smartphone, and your life in 2019
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MC_Sfkh5-zQ

    Imagine playing a co-op shooter like Fortnite Battle Royale or PUB-G on a VR headset… in real-time, with zero lag… all through your phone, while travelling in a fleet of self-driving cars going 200 miles an hour. Sit tight, because the future of gaming, and everything else, is about to change forever.

    . The higher the G, the faster the connection.

    But all that is in the soon to be past, because up on the horizon is 5G. And while you may be thinking that 5G is just a little faster, a little more reliable, and a little newer – it’s actually a massive breakthrough that’s going to change the way devices connect to the internet, and more importantly, to each other. In fact, as 5G rolls out over the next two years, it’s going to change… well, everything with a wireless connection. Which, at this point is …well, pretty much everything. So, what’s so special about a 5G future?

    First of all, it’s fast. Like, really fast. Like, 20 gigabits per second over wireless fast. Like 100 – 250 times faster than 4G. By comparison, 4G provides speeds, on average, of about 10 – 20 megabits a second. So that’s going from streaming one Netflix movie in HD, to streaming 400 movies in 8k at the same time.

    Now, 4G tends to average about 100-200 milliseconds. To be fair, 100 milliseconds is FAST; human reaction time is about 200-300 milliseconds. But 5G… will get it down to 1 millisecond. Or less. That’s almost real-time. And being able to send and receive information in what is essentially real-time, means that we can use 5G… to replace real-time interactions.

    That might be one of the biggest breakthroughs in 5G: a network of self driving cars – all sending data between each other, and communicating with traffic lights, road sensors, aerial drones, and so on.

    Reply
  9. Tomi Engdahl says:

    What is 5G? | CNBC Explains
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DG3pMcNNlw

    5G is a new, faster network with the potential to completely transform the internet. So what makes it so revolutionary? CNBC’s Tom Chitty explains.

    Reply
  10. Tomi Engdahl says:

    5G seems to be now most marketing.
    And too often marketing seems to include lying…

    AT&T is lying to customers with 5G marketing
    https://techcrunch.com/2019/01/07/att-is-lying-to-customers-with-5g-marketing/?sr_share=facebook&utm_source=tcfbpage

    After a recent update some AT&T phones now have a 5G E icon. This icon replaces the one indicated the phone is running on a 4G network. But here’s the thing: The phone is still on a 4G network.

    This nonsense is a marketing ploy by AT&T. The so-called 5G E (5G Evolution) network is just a beefed-up 4G network and not true 5G, which is still far from being ready for general consumption.

    Reply
  11. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Intel Tips ‘Ice Lake’ 10nm PC Processor
    https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1334158

    Yet another new chip Intel announced was a 10nm-based network system on chip (SoC), code-named “Snow Ridge” developed specifically for 5G wireless base stations.

    Many advanced 5G applications require exceedingly low latencies for real-time processing to support any number of applications; a common example is supporting autonomous vehicles. The trend had been to ship processing tasks off to distant data centers, but these new applications requiring lower latency requires placing more computational resources locally — at the network edge.

    Reply
  12. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Jeremy Horwitz / VentureBeat:
    AT&T says it will launch nationwide mobile 5G in early 2020 on its sub-6GHz spectrum and that it has expanded its Magic Leap deal to include business solutions

    AT&T promises nationwide 5G in early 2020 — using sub-6GHz spectrum
    https://venturebeat.com/2019/01/09/att-promises-nationwide-5g-in-early-2020-using-sub-6-ghz-spectrum/

    AT&T already launched its initial mobile 5G network in parts of 12 U.S. cities last December, but it’s now preparing for full nationwide coverage — a dauntingly large task that its millimeter wave small cells won’t be able to handle alone. This morning, the carrier revealed that it will “offer nationwide 5G coverage with our lower band spectrum,” specifically the sub-6GHz frequencies discussed in our interview with AT&T VP Gordon Mansfield yesterday.

    While the announcement isn’t entirely surprising given that AT&T began to distinguish between “5G” and “5G+” in December, noting that it planned to call high-speed millimeter wave service “5G+” and offer it only in select high-traffic areas, this is the first official confirmation that AT&T’s nationwide 5G network will rely upon aggregating lower-bandwidth radio signals, which spread more widely from larger towers.

    Rival T-Mobile has similarly said that it will use low-bandwidth towers for its nationwide 5G network, while Verizon has focused largely on “true 5G” using high-capacity millimeter wave spectrum. Even so, all of the carriers will eventually rely upon more than one radio band to provide 5G service.

    Each carrier is expected to convert some of its existing LTE spectrum into 5G spectrum,

    In the transition from 4G to 5G, AT&T says that it has brought two interim technologies into more markets than expected: 1Gbps LTE-LAA is now in parts of 55 cities, with its controversially named “5G Evolution” or “5G E” — actually just 4G LTE-Advanced — in over 400 markets, offering roughly 400Mbps speeds on select 4G devices. Towers with the 5G E hardware will be capable of flipping to actual 5G service in the near future, but until then will confuse 4G users into believing that they’re using 5G technologies.

    Reply
  13. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Home> Community > Blogs > 5G Waves
    5G and autonomous vehicles might not go hand-in-hand
    https://www.edn.com/electronics-blogs/5g-waves/4461460/5G-and-autonomous-vehicles-might-not-go-hand-in-hand

    The transition to 5G will happen, but it looks like it is going to take many more years than one might have assumed after listening to years’ worth of 5G hype. Part of the reason is that the business models for some of the applications that were expected to drive 5G demand are not coming together. Worse, from the communications industry’s perspective, some are coming together, but without 5G as a necessity. The development of autonomous vehicles (AV) is falling into that latter category, according to a variety of automotive industry participants at the CES 2019 show in Las Vegas.

    Hyundai Motor Co. senior vice president Jungsik Suh talked about “transcending” connectivity at a press conference here early in the week. He said each vehicle will become its own cloud and all vehicles together become “a large cloud data center.”

    In a session on 5G supporting edge computing, AVs were mentioned, but other applications inspired more detailed examination from the speakers, and possibly more excitement. Craig Farrell, IBM VP and CTO of the company’s global telecom industry unit, mentioned AVs, but touted the value of caching popular video at the edge, of localized ad insertion, of supporting smart medical devices such as asthma inhalers, and of supporting augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) and gaming.

    In a session called “The Future of Connected Cars with 5G,” panelists were confident 5G will happen, but not in the next few years. Panelists agreed that the type of global coverage that would be useful to support autonomous driving is still lacking in 4G, and that since 5G will require far more base stations, it is unreasonable to rely completely on 5G connectivity.

    “5G will happen,” said BlackBerry Certicom vice president Jim Alfred. “How it will happen and who it will benefit is all up in the air. When do we get it, and what does it mean? Up in the air. Some applications do not require 5G.”

    5G has inherent and legitimate promise for enabling new use cases based on new performance characteristics that include faster data rates and lower latency. One of the marquee use cases for 5G based on its low-latency capabilities was going to be supporting autonomous vehicles, but auto makers, their suppliers, and their technology partners here at CES are clearly not basing their plans for vehicle autonomy on the availability of 5G coverage.

    There are a lot of moving parts here, and they’re not synchronized. There is vehicle technology, there’s communications technology, and there are marketing considerations. Auto makers are continuously reevaluating the relative importance of assisted driving (Levels 1, 2, and 3) and autonomous driving (Levels 4 and 5) against what the market needs and wants.

    At a more fundamental technological level, safe autonomous driving will require significant computing resources. As generally conceived, it will require more computing resources than it will be economical to build into AVs. Offloading to data centers is impractical; distance is time, expressed as network latency. Too much latency (the commonly cited maximum is 20 milliseconds) is intolerable when supporting AVs that need to react in real time.

    That’s an argument for using 5G in low-latency mode. It is also the argument for pushing more processing to the network edge. But if the processing is already at the network edge, do you still need 5G, given that 4G is already there – and, more to the point – 5G isn’t there yet?

    5G networks, as such, still barely exist. T-Mobile has decided to wait until 2020. In mid-2018, Verizon started installing non-standard 5G equipment

    Some auto makers that were founded in the last few years as electric vehicle (EV) companies seem to believe they can get to Level 4 and Level 5 autonomy within the next few years. Most traditional auto makers believe that L4/L5 AVs won’t start appearing before the 2024

    Reply
  14. Tomi Engdahl says:

    How Can 3D-Printed Plastic Waveguides Enable V-Band Applications?
    https://www.mwrf.com/components/how-can-3d-printed-plastic-waveguides-enable-v-band-applications?Issue=MWRF-001_20190108_MWRF-001_412&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_1_b&utm_rid=CPG05000002750211&utm_campaign=22523&utm_medium=email&elq2=caaf63e29dc745fb97aafe3390e11d0d

    waveguides are still scarcely used in low-end commercial products. This is mainly due to their cost and size, but also to the relatively low frequency range used in such products. However, the situation is evolving quickly, as mmWave bands find their way into more and more mass-market products, i.e., automotive radar (77 and 24 GHz), Wi-Fi in its 802.11ad version (60 GHz), as well as new 5G cellular bands (24 to 29 GHz and 37 to 40 GHz).

    Low-Cost Waveguides?

    As a consulting and design house company focused on RF, microwaves, and signal processing, ALCIOM has worked on several projects in which small waveguide sections would make sense. These projects include microstrip-to-antenna transitions, antenna structures, cavity filters, and even as a lower-cost alternative to high-frequency connectors and coaxial cables.

    For commercial products, slightly degraded performance can often be tolerated if there’s a significant cost improvement. But what are the options for waveguides structures when standard high-end machined metallic solutions are not adequate?

    Having these targets in mind, we decided to evaluate the cheapest possible solution: plastic. Of course, this material can be molded for mass production, but it’s also compatible with 3D-printer technologies. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) can be used on ultra-low-cost filament printers, and plenty of other materials are compatible with easily accessible stereolithography printers (STL).

    This article shares our theoretical and experimental results, targeting V-band applications (50 to 75 GHz), and more specifically, the 60-GHz band.

    To demonstrate the performance of 3D-printed plastic waveguide components at V-band frequencies, two prototypes manufactured using 3D-printing technology were examined.

    Reply
  15. Tomi Engdahl says:

    A 5G Forecast for 2019
    https://www.electronicdesign.com/analog/5g-forecast-2019?NL=ED-003&Issue=ED-003_20190114_ED-003_141&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_2_b&utm_rid=CPG05000002750211&utm_campaign=22643&utm_medium=email&elq2=aeace912216e473ea1f85a0e5691b067

    Will 2019 be the year we see extensive 5G deployments? An industry specialist gives his take on what we can expect to see this year.

    “In 2019, it’s ‘showtime’ for 5G after several intense years of 3GPP standards definition and predictions about 5G user experience,” says Paul Cooper, director of carrier liaison and standards, mobile products at Qorvo. “Let’s upfront break the myth that 5G means millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies only. For sure, U.S. carriers have launched the first 5G fixed-wireless-access (FWA) systems to wirelessly bring broadband to homes for the cable-cutting folks. This latter-day ‘Local Multipoint Distribution Service’ (LMDS) has a valid and plausible business case.

    “In contrast, mmWave smartphones are certainly coming to the market, but commercially viable solutions are on a longer development cycle than the sub-6-GHz smartphones that will ramp in 2019. The U.S.’s first focus on mmWave technology—specifically in the 28- and 39-GHz bands—is primarily because the FCC has not yet released sub-6-GHz spectrum for 5G at 3.5 GHz that’s harmonized with the rest of the world.”

    Sub-6-GHz Will Dominate

    According to Cooper, 5G in 2019 will involve a heavy dosage of sub-6-GHz frequencies. “The big play in 2019, in both the U.S. and the rest of the world, is in the sub-6-GHz spectrum,” he says. “In China, 2019 efforts will be centered around the 2.6-, 3.5-, and 4.9-GHz bands. China plans to launch a large-scale trial that will involve multiple cities throughout the country. While a trial may not sound substantial, it shouldn’t be overlooked because large-scale trials in China are huge when compared to other regions! China will put thousands of sub-6-GHz 5G smartphones in subscribers’ hands in 2019 to analyze performance and will then commercialize their standalone (SA) network in 2020.”

    What about the U.S. and other countries? Cooper says, “Plans for non-standalone deployment in the 2.6-GHz spectrum in the U.S. are well-advanced, with the first commercial 5G smartphones expected in the first half of 2019. The U.K., Ireland, Spain, Italy, Finland, and South Korea have also issued licenses within the 3.5-GHz band, with first deployments expected in 2019. Japan will allocate 3.5- and 4.6-GHz licenses in March 2019. This is the hotbed of 5G, where early sub-6-GHz products will have the true look and feel of existing 4G smartphones.”

    5G deployments at sub-6-GHz frequencies are sure to excite many. But what about the mmWave frequencies that we’ve heard so much about? According to Cooper, “Spectrum in the bands above 24 GHz, grouped under the mmWave name, have not traditionally been used for smartphones.

    These wide swaths of unused bandwidth at mmWave frequencies are seen by carriers as a lucrative path to urban network densification—as witnessed by the rapidly expanding mmWave spectrum auctions across the globe. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and vendors are currently in the research and development phase for mmWave mobile devices

    “In 2019, we will see mmWave smartphones enter the market in the U.S. and South Korea.

    The Tokyo Olympics and maturing mmWave base-station FWA infrastructure in the U.S. and South Korea will likely drive mmWave smartphone commercialization in 2020, a year after sub-6-GHz.”

    Reply
  16. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Designing hospital wireless infrastructure for 5G
    https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/pt/2019/01/designing-hospital-wireless-infrastructure-for-5g.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2019-01-14&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2343148

    The healthcare sector in the United States is exploding. Between 2006 and 2016 2.8 million jobs were added, almost seven times faster than the overall economy. There has been 20 percent growth in healthcare jobs since 2008, and this pace is pretty much expected to continue until 2026, again outpacing the overall economy. And, in 2018, it is expected that 18 percent of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) will be attributed to healthcare spending.

    In order to keep pace with the needs of this thriving industry, wireless technology is growing in importance. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are widely deployed in hospitals already. However, as smartphone users consume more and more data and the number of IoT sensors and applications grows, CIOs know that these wireless technologies will not adequately support increasing and changing demands. Instead CIOs must turn to cellular connectivity to support the growing mobile needs not only in-building, but also across expansive outdoor healthcare campuses. Seamless wireless connectivity is a must for the thousands of employees, visitors and patients that are onsite every day.

    5G will enable the many new use cases and support the growing demands of mobile subscribers; therefore, it is critical that CIOs take the necessary steps today to ensure their wireless infrastructure is ready. In this article, we will explore some of the many new applications that 5G will introduce, and how CIOs must consider support for them in their digital strategy today.

    Designing your hospital’s wireless infrastructure for 5G
    https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/designing-your-hospital-s-wireless-infrastructure-for-5g.html

    New Opportunities with 5G
    Many areas in healthcare will be impacted by the introduction of 5G. Below are just a few of the many use cases that will grow in prominence during the next few years.

    1. Expand Telehealth
    2. Enable Personalized Healthcare
    3. Robotics in the Operating Room and Beyond

    Preparing for 5G
    According to Gartner 80 percent of wireless networks installed today will be obsolete in 18 months; therefore, it is critical that CIOs deploy a network, which can support these growing and every changing applications of tomorrow. In order to accomplish this goal, below are six considerations, which should be included in a CIO’s wireless strategy today.

    1. Let’s Start with the Proper Foundation
    2. A 360-Degree Approach is Necessary
    3. Design for Wireless Success
    4. Support New Wireless Spectrum
    5. The Hospital Reimagined with New Sensors and Layers
    6. Software-Based Wireless Access Networks are the Future

    Ensure a Smooth Evolution to 5G
    In order to stay competitive and keep pace with the changing needs that 5G will present, CIOs must think about how today’s digital strategy will affect tomorrow’s business. By taking these wireless network considerations into account today, a smooth transition to 5G will occur.

    Reply
  17. Tomi Engdahl says:

    AT&T: 10 predictions for the next 25 years
    https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2019/01/att-predictions-next-25-years.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2019-01-14&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2343148

    To commemorate the success of its prognostications, AT&T decided to take another look into its crystal ball to see how communications technology might continue to change our lives for the next quarter century. AT&T execs as well as futurists and tech experts are featured in a documentary video published by AT&T Nov. 28.

    Reply
  18. Tomi Engdahl says:

    CONNECTIVITY 5G is already here; 6G will arrive soon
    https://iot.eetimes.com/5g-is-already-here-6g-will-arrive-soon/

    While 5G is still aiming at connecting high-speed devices such as computers, smartphones and connected cars, 6G will be mostly an IoT network.

    The Center for Converged TeraHertz Communications and Sensing (ComSenTe) is already working on the initial 6G specifications. They expect that the next generation of wireless connectivity will provide speeds of 1 to 100 Gbps to the end user and MU-MIMO capability of 100 to 1,000 simultaneous independently modulated beams effectively providing speeds in the tens of terabytes per second. Apart from providing precision localization to a fraction of an inch, supplementing GPS, 6G imaging techniques will identify any person or moving object. This intelligent, immersive infrastructure will support low-latency virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and seamless telepresence.

    Reply
  19. Tomi Engdahl says:

    A New Phone Design to Facilitate the Shift From 4G to 5G
    https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/wireless/a-new-phone-design-to-facilitate-the-shift-from-4g-to-5g

    With any transition between old and new generations of technology, there are compatibility issues. The transition to 5G wireless communication is no different. One hurdle to be overcome in this transition involves incorporating, within a single phone, new antennas that can support the millimeter wavelengths of signals on 5G networks alongside existing antennas that support the longer wavelengths transmitted by LTE networks.

    Reply
  20. Tomi Engdahl says:

    5G Cellphone’s Location Privacy Broken Before It’s Even Implemented
    https://hackaday.com/2018/12/07/5g-cellphones-location-privacy-broken-before-its-even-implemented/

    Although hard to believe in the age of cheap IMSI-catchers, “subscriber location privacy” is supposed to be protected by mobile phone protocols. The Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocol provides location privacy for 3G, 4G, and 5G connections, and it’s been broken at a basic enough level that three successive generations of a technology have had some of their secrets laid bare in one fell swoop.

    When 3G was developed, long ago now, spoofing cell towers was expensive and difficult enough that the phone’s International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) was transmitted unencrypted. For 5G, a more secure version based on a asymmetric encryption and a challenge-reponse protocol that uses sequential numbers (SQNs) to prevent replay attacks. This hack against the AKA protocol sidesteps the IMSI, which remains encrypted and secure under 5G, and tracks you using the SQN.

    Now you, too, can snoop on mobe users from 3G to 5G with a Raspberry Pi and €1,100 of gizmos
    Crypto-boffins’ paper shows AKA protocol still broken
    https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/12/05/mobile_users_can_be_tracked_with_cheap_kit_aka_protocol/

    A protocol meant to protect smartphone users’ privacy is vulnerable to fake base station attacks all the way from 3G to 5G, according to a group of international researchers. All the baddies need is a little over €1,100 worth of kit and a laptop.

    The “Authentication and Key Agreement” protocol (aka AKA, hehe) is meant to provide security between mobile users and base stations, and was previously exploited by surveillance devices, such as the StingRay, used by cops and Feds.

    SINTEF Digital claimed they had found “a new privacy attack against all variants of the AKA protocol, including 5G AKA, that breaches subscriber privacy more severely than known location privacy attacks do.”

    Reply
  21. Tomi Engdahl says:

    The 5G Future Begins Now!
    https://www.eeweb.com/profile/bencardwell/articles/the-5g-future-begins-now

    The mobile industry’s equivalent of open source is Open RAN, which will enable a service creation environment that can help realize the more advanced 5G use cases

    Reply
  22. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Employ Design-Flow Integration for Advanced Multichip RF Design
    https://www.mwrf.com/software/employ-design-flow-integration-advanced-multichip-rf-design?Issue=MWRF-001_20190117_MWRF-001_216&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_2_b&utm_rid=CPG05000002750211&utm_campaign=22714&utm_medium=email&elq2=89e664f2122c4f38b75ce6fcb4cd563a

    A new workflow allows designers to combine multiple technologies that originate from different software tools into a single project.

    Evolving communication standards like LTE-A and 5G are driving future RF architectures and, consequently, creating challenges for RF front-end module design in terms of miniaturization, performance, and support for technologies that boost data throughputs by improving spectral efficiency.

    To meet the ongoing need for higher performance and reduced component size in multimode- and multiband-capable handsets, companies are shifting their module integration strategies from combining similar building blocks in a single package to adopting multifunctional front ends based on diverse technologies. These development efforts target products based on a single, fully integrated RF module for each frequency range, including multimode/multiband power amplifiers (PAs), duplexers, RF switches, and RF matching.

    Module and subsystem designers often use more than one technology in a complete design. These technologies include gallium-arsenide (GaAs) and gallium-nitride (GaN) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), silicon (Si) RF integrated circuits (RFICs), and multiple-layer laminates.

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  23. Tomi Engdahl says:

    TIA says prolonged US govt shutdown could slow 5G rollout
    https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/pt/2019/01/tia-says-prolonged-us-govt-shutdown-could-slow-5g-rollout.html?cmpid=enl_cim_cim_data_center_newsletter_2019-01-21&pwhid=6b9badc08db25d04d04ee00b499089ffc280910702f8ef99951bdbdad3175f54dcae8b7ad9fa2c1f5697ffa19d05535df56b8dc1e6f75b7b6f6f8c7461ce0b24&eid=289644432&bid=2348650

    The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), the leading association representing the manufacturers and suppliers of high-tech communications networks, on Jan. 11 issued the following statement on the 20th day of the government shutdown.

    TIA Senior Vice President of Government Affairs Cinnamon Rogers said:

    “This government shutdown will soon be the longest in history. It comes at a vital moment when the U.S. is competing to stay ahead of the world in the race to 5G, and when new products and services are being rolled out in real time. Unfortunately, the FCC ran out of funding on January 3rd and closed down its vital device approval process as a result. The unavailability of this process will have a serious and negative impact on the approval of new connected devices that are designed to enable both 5G deployment and the full ecosystem of next generation technologies that 5G will support.

    US government shutdown could slow down 5G rollout
    https://www.ccmihub.com/telecom-news/us-government-shutdown-could-slow-down-5g-rollout

    Reply
  24. Thinking Tech says:

    Maruti Suzuki Connect App: A Platform To Help Users Manage Important Parameters At Their Fingertips India’s largest automobile manufacturer Maruti Suzuki has established its innovative telematics alternative ‘Suzuki Connect’ because of the Nexa clients.

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  25. Thinking Tech says:

    Internet of Believing Or IoT Is Being Employed Much These Days: Let Us Know How?

    AI, robotics, immerse fact, connected devices- most of them are definitely enormous technological boons but in precisely the exact same time, they are collectively putting a strain on infrastructure which founded upon. So, as we are becoming more demanding about data we are asking, is it period clocks today and where our data is managed. The internet of thinking is a very curious turn of expression. It’s in fact one of the preferred places that were talked about at the vision this season, being an intriguing term, in addition, it captures what’s occurring as intelligent enterprises move ahead And speaking about that intellect is something that needs to be embedded into many different parts of the business, or in many distinct elements of the operations.

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  26. Thinking Tech says:

    The current year, 2019 has been a year full of notched Phones. When it comes to smartphone innovation, technology geeks want something more fascinating. Hopefully, Smartphone trends would be much more than the notched smartphone.

    Reply
  27. Thinking Tech says:

    Camera framework by employing this brand new AI technology, automatically adjusting the preferences for the best picture. AI can even identify the facial features as well as enhancing them for a superior portrait .

    Reply
  28. Tomi Engdahl says:

    5G in Finland: How one country is betting big on the high-speed network | CNBC Reports
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27PTJycmuww

    One of the world’s first 5G commercial networks will launch in Finland on January 1. For Finnish telecommunications companies like Nokia, the super-fast network means big business – and a chance to win back a spot at the top of the mobile communications industry. CNBC’s Elizabeth Schulze reports from Helsinki.

    Reply
  29. Tomi Engdahl says:

    How 5G will change your smartphone, and your life in 2019
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MC_Sfkh5-zQ

    Reply
  30. Tomi Engdahl says:

    Planning For 5G And The Edge
    https://semiengineering.com/planning-for-5g-and-the-edge/

    Experts at the Table, part 2: Understanding 5G’s benefits, limitations and design challenges.

    SE: Over the past year, people have started realizing there’s far too much data being generated to move it all to the cloud. 5G was supposed to make that possible, but the reality is that isn’t going to happen because it’s too expensive to move all that data. So how does that affect design?

    Aitken: The definition of ‘edge’ changes dramatically across business segments. In autonomous driving, the edge is a car. In a wireless sensor node the edge is an RF power device that sits on your wall. You have a range of things that is potentially the edge, and there’s a recognition that you can’t send everything to the cloud. You need to do some kind of hierarchical processing. You need to have the hardware to support that, and you also need to have a software environment that supports it. Just saying you’re going to put this high-powered processor over here and running Linux on it isn’t enough. You have to make sure that system integrates with everything else that you have in whatever node you’re designing, and you have to somehow or other make sure all of this stuff can come together and continue to operate with minimal human intervention. If you’re going to have a trillion-node Internet and it’s going to take an hour of someone’s time to set up each of those nodes, we’re all going to be very busy.

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  31. garage media says:

    Digital marketing is an ever-changing landscape. Trends that worked today may not work tomorrow. The only way to stay ahead is to be committed. As recognized experts on industry best practices, we are pushing the boundaries and defining the trends that matter.

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