Yesterday I passed SFS6002 electrical safety course and got SFS 6002 käytännössä book. SFS 6002 electrical safety training is for all electrical work in Finland engaged in compulsory education, which must be renewed every five years. Now I know somewhat more than before on electrical safety related to electrical installations.
SFS6002 is a Finnish standard how electrical work should be performed safely. It is based on European general standard EN 50110-1 (Operation of electrical installations – Part 1: General requirements) plus Finnish national additions to it.
If you want to get your hands on the original European EN 50110-1 standard, you need to buy it. There are also free information on standard available: British edition of the standard BS EN 50110-1:2004 can be found on-line.
756 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
“The way of earth leakage” by INDU-ELECTRIC Power Distribution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEgaBdpHnMM
General Information on earth leakage and how to adjust a RCD with variable settings.
INDU-ELECTRIC is looking forward to educating our Customer on earth leakage protection and how to field program adjustable RCD / monitors.
It will be essential to carefully study and memorize the terminology we are explaining.
This will enable us to serve you better in field you need to fall back on our expertise during a live event.
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Essentials Of Electrical Safety At Public Events
https://www.rubberbox.co.uk/blog/electrical-safety-public-events/
Electrical safety
https://www.hse.gov.uk/event-safety/electrical-safety.htm
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.tampere.fi/en/event-organizers/event-planning-guide/electricity-and-water-events
Draft a list of all the operations and activities at your event that require electricity. This will help the experts to estimate your electricity needs and supply enough electricity for your event. A temporary mains connection must be ordered at least two weeks before the connection is required. Ordering it at a shorter notice will result in additional costs.
Pay extra attention to electrical safety at outdoor events. Electrical devices must be protected against rain and vandalism. Keep the cables away from walkways and driveways and cover them with cable protectors, if necessary. All electrical installations must be carried out by a qualified electrician.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.hse.gov.uk/event-safety/electrical-safety.htm
https://www.quornparishcouncil.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/118/2021/02/outdoor_events_electrical_safety_policy.pdf
https://antrimandnewtownabbey.gov.uk/getmedia/de3a81fd-32f3-45e2-9ebc-a90710540c31/Health-and-Safety-for-Outdoor-Community-Events.pdf.aspx
https://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/269144/161213-Electrical-safety-at-festivals-and-events-A5.pdf
https://eade.uk.com/wp-content/uploads/A-laymans-guide-to-electrical-safety-at-events.pdf
https://www.richmond.gov.uk/media/7467/bs7909_filming_electrical_safety.pdf
https://esasafe.com/business-and-property-owners/special-events/
https://www.gateshead.gov.uk/media/8354/Electrical-Safety-Guidance-Notes/pdf/Electrical_Safety_at_Events_Rev04.pdf?m=637093305469630000
https://ehs.cornell.edu/campus-health-safety/event-management/event-electrical-safety
Maintenance and Safe Use of Equipment in Live Events Production
https://www.astralsound.com/safety.htm
Most live productions present a variety of potential hazards and risks. Probably the easiest way to identify these (and get some perspective on your priorities) is to carry out a Risk Assessment.
https://www.hse.gov.uk/simple-health-safety/risk/index.htm
A bit of what you should know about event power and electrical safety
https://cdm.link/2016/12/short-guide-know-event-power-safety/
If you produce events and you don’t have a multimeter – get a multimeter, and make sure it can measure enough amperage to meet your needs. Don’t skimp here – a $45 multimeter will not serve you. Ask the people at the store to help you choose one that meets your local power needs.
IMHO, skip the multimeter and buy a 10 dollar outlet tester, the kind that plugs into a wall outlet with 2 yellow lamps and one red lamp in the handle. You can find them at any decent hardware store in the electrical tools section. This will help you make sure your outlets are wired with the correct polarity and that your ground connection is intact back to the electrical panel.
There’s a couple options present for measuring an outlet – you can measure voltage, or you can measure amps. Measuring voltage will ensure that the outlet you’re testing is properly connected back to the main breakers. Measuring amps is a bit more tricky, and not necessary if you don’t intend to use the majority of the power available on a given circuit. This is why it’s important to measure the amp requirements of your gear using the available specification sheets.
If you need to measure amps you need to have specialized equipment, and you need to follow a special process.
Read the instructions that come with your multimeter. Before you use it in a venue experiment with the multimeter at home, on a circuit with nothing of value plugged in. Multimeter use is a skill like any other – you can do it right, or you can do it wrong. In this case “doing it wrong” will lead to tripped breakers or nasty zaps. If you’re uncomfortable learning this skill it’s best to call an electrician and have hem meet you at the venue.
Measure the outlets in the space, and if you have breaker access/it’s acceptable to the venue start confirming that outlets are on a given circuit by throwing breakers. Follow this up with a visual inspection of ALL wiring. If you see any bare metal this is an unsafe venue. If you see outlets with multiple power strips you want to be wary, and you should investigate to see if it’s possible to unwire the multiple strips and more evenly distribute needs.
Wires and electrical safety
Some good points too from John McIntyre in comments:
Don’t go cutting the ground on your extension cables in order to plug something in. Grounds are a critical component of electrical safety. For similar reasons you should avoid putting a ground lift in line with gear – if you really need to lift the ground on your soundsystem do it at the XLR connector, with an in-line XLR ground lift.
When choosing extension cables don’t go cheap – go for thick, wide-gauge cable (if you see two cables running next to each other in two separate channels put the cable back on the shelf.) You also don’t want to use more cable than you need – I always bring a selection of 25 foot, 50 foot and 100 foot Edison cables with me. This is an example of an acceptable cable for bringing power to equipment that needs a large power supply.
Signage
The last thing I’d like to leave you with is the simplest – provide lighted exit signs when your venue lacks such signs.
Generators
Special note on generators – sometimes you need to bring your power supply with you, typically for an outdoor event. The big thing to keep in mind is that consumer generators get hot (sometimes very hot) and they are never waterproof. You’ll want to keep your generator well out of the way of your guests – they look like a good bench, but they are not a good bench. If there’s a danger of rain you’ll want to put the generator in a portable shed, or even better from a safety perspective just turn the generator off and send folks home.
A Special Note To Our European Techno Family: power voltage in your neck of the woods is generally 230V. Your Amps equation for the lights would look like Amps = 108W/(230*0.8). This solves out to 0.6A. This does not mean you can squeeze in twice as many lights! You still need to confirm that you have the amperage available coming out of the wall.
Introduction to Outdoor Electrical Safety
https://pdhonline.com/courses/e285/e285content.pdf
Event Planning: Electrical Installations and Lighting
https://www.dover.gov.uk/Community/EventPlanning/A-Z/ElectricalInstallationsandLighting.aspx
If you need a temporary supply of electricity for your event, you need to make sure that:
All the wiring must be installed by a suitably competent electrician in a safe manner who should give you a written certificate to prove that this has been done
That the supply is protected by suitable earth fault device (Residual Circuit Breaker (RCB) of maximum 30 amp per trip)
There are the correct types of connectors for external conditions, cables should be the correct standard with no damage to the insulation
Supply cables must be positioned safely, to ensure that they will not suffer physical damage e.g. through door openings, across surface of walkways/roads
Cables should be positioned to ensure they do not cause trip or other hazard
The safety standard of the installation should be at least that of the current 17th Edition of IEE Wiring Regulations
Any generator should have a certificate with it to show that it is electrically safe. A safety fence must surround the working parts of the generator.
When designing an installation Consider…
The location of any existing overhead power lines or buried cables
The total power requirements for the site
Access to a network power supply
The use of generators
Earthing
Positioning of temporary overhead or underground cables
The location of the stage(s)
The main isolators controlling the electrical supplies to stage lighting, sound, special effects, emergency lighting and lifting equipment
The location of mixer positions
Special power supplies for certain equipment (example: imported from US)
Power supplies required for portable tools etc
The electrical requirements for emergency lighting and exit signs
Power supplies for catering, first-aid posts, control room
All electrical installations and equipment must comply with the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989.
A temporary electrical installation report should be completed before any event commences.
Electrical installations at live outdoor venues
https://electrical.theiet.org/wiring-matters/years/2016/61-summer-2016/electrical-installations-at-live-outdoor-venues/
In the second article of a series looking at electrotechnical job roles in the entertainment industry, Wiring Matters talks to ABTT member Shaun Pearce about designing and installing electrical installations for live outdoor venues.
https://energydistributionhire.co.uk/the-importance-of-bs7909-in-events-and-production/
https://bbcdevwebfiles.blob.core.windows.net/webfiles/Leisure%20Parks%20and%20Sport/Parks%20and%20open%20spaces/Guide_to_organising_safe_events.pdf
Tomi Engdahl says:
Page 1 of 190
Health and Safety
Executive
The event safety guide (Second
edition)
A guide to health, safety and welfare at music and similar
events
https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/467810/response/1119620/attach/2/event%20safety%20guide.pdf
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://tukes.fi/tapahtumaturvallisuus
https://tukes.fi/-/nain-jarjestat-turvallisen-kesatapahtuman-tutustu-tukesin-ohjeisiin
https://www.tampere.fi/tapahtumajarjestajille/tapahtumajarjestajan-opas/tapahtuman-sahkot-vedet-ja-rakenteet
https://www.hel.fi/kanslia/tapahtumallisuus-fi/jarjesta-tapahtuma/tapahtumajarjestajan-ohjeet/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.pelastuslaitokset.fi/sites/default/files/2020-03/Opas-yleistapahtuman-pelastussuunnitelman-laadintaan-2017.pdf
https://www.eventilla.com/luvat-lait-tapahtumajarjestajalle/
https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/80425/Vinni_Maiju.pdf?sequence=1
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://poliisi.fi/yleisotilaisuudet
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.prosoundweb.com/dont-kill-the-artist-electrical-safety-on-stage/
https://www.soundonsound.com/sound-advice/power-electrical-safety-stage
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/power-talk-power-safety-event-checklist-heidi-perez
https://www.aggreko.com/en-mideast/news/2019/nam-articles/events/everything-you-need-to-know-about-electrical-safety-at-events
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://tcfurlong.com/electrical-safety-tools-for-event-technicians/
Disclaimer: Extreme care should be taken with electricity. A/C voltages have the potential to cause serious harm, or even kill. The advice and guidance provided in this article cannot fully anticipate or predict the situations you may experience on a show site.
Tomi Engdahl says:
DIYer Electrocuted After Drilling Through Underground Cable
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35mWJvZ6vKw
A Swindon man is electrocuted after drilling into a mains electricity cable under his garden…
We reveal the three greatest hazards to electrical contractors installing solar panels…
The fake branded tools aimed at getting unsuspecting electricians to part with their cash…
And the easy-to-install Wallbox Pulsar Max EV charging point finally arrives in the UK…
=======================================
00:00 Electrical News Weekly 13th June 2022
00:48 Swindon electrocution
01:26 Solar panel installation dangers
02:36 BS7671 Arc fault detection
03:17 The Installer Show 2022
05:05 Pulsar Max from Wallbox
05:40 Vehicle to Grid (V2G) tech from Octopus Energy
06:46 Uk Power Networks Young Mums support
07:18 New Schneider Electric industrial UPS
07:44 FLIR IR Camera
08:34 Fake CK tools
09:32 Pace plus panel light from Ansell
10:29 Alistair Grant, new Select President
11:00 Aico City & Guilds training
11:38 ECA Apprentice of the Year
12:02 Screwfix customer service ward
12:14 Schneider Electric partners with Tradify
13:06 Virtual ECS Card
13:44 Coming up eFIXX this week
14:26 Challenge words winner
==========================================
Tomi Engdahl says:
How to Prevent a Dog from Chewing Electrical Cords
https://www.rover.com/blog/how-to-prevent-a-dog-from-chewing-electrical-cords/
Dogs—especially puppies—like to chew. That comes as no surprise to us dog lovers. Some pups outgrow it. Others don’t.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.amazon.com/Cord-Protector-CritterCord-Protect-Hazardous/dp/B000EH2I5O
Tomi Engdahl says:
http://www.crittercord.com/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Kahdessa sähkötuotteessa vakava vaara: Viranomainen poistaa markkinoilta https://www.is.fi/digitoday/art-2000008904217.html
Johtokela ja liitäntäkaapeli poistetaan myynnistä, koska ne voivat aiheuttaa sähköiskun.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Kiinalaisessa nettiostoksessa piilee riski – saatat joutua vastuuseen jälkikäteen https://www.is.fi/digitoday/art-2000005500270.html
Halpa nettiostos EU:n ulkopuolelta päätyy usein kirpputorille. Myyty esine voi kuitenkin palata kummittelemaan ikävillä tavoilla.
Euroopan unionin ulkopuolelta, kuten Kiinasta, ostetut tavarat voivat sisältää monia päällepäin näkymättömiä vaaroja. Vaikka uhka ei kohdallasi toteudu, se voi toteutua tavaran seuraavalla omistajalla, jos tuote myydään eteenpäin.
– Kuluttajat aika huolettomasti ostavat ja tilaavat tuotteita EU:n ulkopuolisista nettikaupoista. Usein ajatellaan, että tuotteille on pakollisia ennakkotarkastuksia, ja turvallisuutta valvotaan muutenkin kuin pistokokein, Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto Tukesin tuoteyksikön johtaja Tuiri Kerttula harmittelee.
Kuluttaja on vastuussa
Tukes julkaisi hiljattain kattavan artikkelin aiheesta. Sen kantavana teemana on kuluttajan vastuu. Vastuun selvittäminen eteenpäin myydystä tuotteesta voi kuitenkin olla konstikasta.
– Se riippuu aika paljon tuotteesta ja tuotteen lainsäädännöstä. On joitakin tuotealueita, kuten sähkölaitteet ja kemikaalit, joissa myyjä vastaa tuotteen turvallisuudesta riippumatta siitä, harjoittaako myyntiä liiketoimintana tai yksityisesti, Kerttula sanoo.
Älä luota yksin CE-merkkiin
Kun ostat tuotteen EU:n ulkopuolelta, altistat itsesi tai sen myöhemmän omistajan monelle ongelmalle. Lievimmässä tapauksessa et koskaan saa tuotetta, tai sinulla ei ole mahdollisuutta palauttaa puutteelliseksi osoittautunutta tuotetta.
Pahimmillaan voit saada sähköiskun vaarallisesta sähkölaitteesta tai lapsesi voi tukehtua väärällä ikärajalla varustetun lelun sisältämiin nappiparistoihin.
Tarkista ainakin, että tuotteessa on CE-merkintä. Sen avulla valmistaja vakuuttaa, että tuote täyttää kaikki EU:n tuotteelle asettamat vaatimukset.
Vaarana ovat kuitenkin väärennetyt CE-merkinnät. Tämän takia pelkkään merkintään ei voi luottaa, ja ostajan tulisi selvittää, millaiset käyttöohjeet tuotteen mukana tulevat. Ovatko ne esimerkiksi suomeksi ja onko suomen kieli suhteellisen virheetöntä?
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Difference Between Class 2 and Class II Power Supplies
https://slpower.com/archives/11643
Tomi Engdahl says:
A Guide to the 2023 National Electrical Safety Code Updates cover how to incorporate 5G and other technologies
https://spectrum.ieee.org/2023-national-electrical-safety-code
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.facebook.com/124628051515678/posts/pfbid0sq1HvdHF2cs5wBozijYtkReVxRYhMG9F41pXryNEBATM6K7PysxhbvvpyLgTm5gtl/
AB Switch = Air Break switch
ACB = Air Circuit Breaker
VCB = Vacuum Circuit Breaker
MCB = Miniature Circuit Breaker
MCCB = Molded case circuit breaker
MPCB = Motor Protection Circuit Breaker
EMPR = Electronic Motor Protection RELAY
RCCB = Residual Current Circuit Breaker
RCBO = Residual Current Circuit Breaker With Over-Current Protection
ELCB = Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
HRC = Fuse High Rupture Capacity Fuse
OLTC = On Load Tap Change
SF6 Circuit Breaker = Sulphur Hexafluoride Circuit Breaker
MPDB = Main Power Distribution Board
ACDB = Alternating Current Distribution Board
HT = High tension > Transformer HT Side
LT = Low tension
DO Fuse = Drop Out Fuse
DCDB = Direct current Distribution Board
PDB = Power Distribution Board
PCC = Power Control Center
MCC = Motor Control Centre
MCP = Motor Control Panel
VVVF = Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Drive
VFD = Variable Frequency Drive
DOL = Direct On line
RDOL = Reverse Duty on Line
MLDB = Main Light Distribution Board
SLDB = Secondary Lighting Distribution Board
EMLDB = Emergency Light Distribution Board
CPSS = Construction Power Substation
DSS = Distributed Power Substation
RCC = Remote Control Cables
FCMA = Flux Compensated Magnetic Amplifier
UPS = Un-Interrupted Power Supply
SMF Battery = Sealed Maintenance Free
JB = Junction Box
PB = Push Button
TB = Terminal Box
LCB = Local Control Board
LCS = Local Control Station
SPNDB = Short Circuit Protection Neutral Distribution Board
TPNDB = Phase Three and Neutral Distribution Board
CT = Current Transformer
PT = Potential Converter
SCIM = Squirrel Cage Induction Motor
ACVS = Air-conditioning and Ventilation System
FDA = Fire Detection & Alarm
PCS = Pull Cord Switch
ZSS = Zero Speed Switch
BSS = Belt Sway switch
NO = Normally opened
NC = Normally Closed
TEFC = Total Enclosed Fan Cooled
TESC = Totally Enclosed Surface Cooled
GI Bus bar = Galvanized Iron Bus Bar For Farthing
PLC = Programmable Logic Controller
DCS = Distributed Control System
MPI = Multi Point Interface
DP = Distributed parameters
SCADA = Supervisory and Data Acquisition
HART = Highway Addressable Remote Transducer
HMI = Human Machine Identifier
MMI = Man Machine Identifier
VDU = Visual Display Unit
RIO = Remote input Output
TCP / IP = Transmission Control Protocol – Internet Protocol
CFC =Continuous Function Chart
SFC = Sequential Function Chart
PID Control = Proportional Integral And Derivative Control
RAM = Random Access Memory
ROM = Read Only Memory
PROM = Programmable Read Only Memory
EPROM = Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EEPROM = Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2022/07/no-load-test-induction-motor-block-rotor-test.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
Kurkkaa television taakse – yllättävä paloriski kytee monessa kodissa https://www.is.fi/digitoday/art-2000008980645.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
Jatkojohtojen käyttämisessä tehdään usein virheitä, joissa on ihan selkeä riski, asiantuntija sanoo: ”Nämä television takana olevat rysät…” https://www.is.fi/asuminen/art-2000008589882.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
Top ten software for electrical design, analysis and simulation of T&D networks
https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/electrical-design-analysis-simulation-td-networks
In this article, we will briefly introduce the most important and most used .
It should be noted that different companies also use proprietary software that is not discussed.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Inside a failed safety lamp holder.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NY5KGZ-Qqg
These lampholders are designed to disconnect power to the lamp contacts when the lamp is removed. It’s to prevent kids getting a shock from an open lamp holder. Thankfully eBay, wish and amazon have addressed this by supplying lamps with live connections all over the outside.
This one had failed in manner that caused random arcing and flickering of the lamp. I thought it would be interesting to see what had failed, and the general internal construction of the holder.
It’s worth noting that modern lamps pose much less thermal stress on traditional lamp holders. But it wouldn’t surprise me if they start making cost-optimised “LED-only” lamp holders.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2021/11/26/the-unofficial-guide-to-avoiding-electrocution/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Which Splicing Device is Best? Push Ins Vs. Wago Vs. Wirenuts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gC3PI2Plw98
In this video I talk about the pros and cons of some of the most popular splicing devices used today. I also talk about some of the places I use them, along with where some of the pros in the field that I talked with, use them as well.
Tomi Engdahl says:
I tested 7 Wago Knock-Offs Wire Connectors so you don’t have to! (Surprising Results)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8Xpjj47vgU
Tomi Engdahl says:
How to Make Your WAGO 221 Connectors Waterproof
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iyVHIAoQMI
The Wago Gelbox range has now been extended to include the larger Wago 221 connectors.
In this video, we show how a waterproof electrical connection can be made using the Wago Gel box. What are the advantages compared to resin joints and traditional electrical junction boxes?
00:00 Wago Gelbox, including the larger 1430 series.
00:50 Using the Gelbox to create a waterproof electrical connection.
02:10 Enclosure inside an enclosure
02:45 Silicon free encapsulant
03:15 Re-enterable design
03:55 Gelbox 221 connector compatibility
05:00 Beware of other gel-type boxes
05:40 Does the Wago Gel box work?
Tomi Engdahl says:
Wago 221 vs Ideal Gen II Connectors
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoU_n_zVqS4
Sam takes a closer look at two of the fastest-to-fit electrical cable connectors currently on the market (January 2022). Sam uses his professional expertise as an electrician to compare the Wago 221 and Ideal Gen II connectors. Which is the best and how do they stack up against each other?
Tomi Engdahl says:
Pulling Cable Underground? You Need one of These.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZoH8iV40Wk
The Runpotec Profi Set cable pulling equipment makes it easier to pull cable or wire through underground ducting. The Profiset also works with the Runpo meter to measure the exact length of cable or ducting.
Gary Hayers lifts the lid on some cable ducts to see how the Profi set works.
====================================
00:00 Runpotec Profi Set of cable rods
00:28 3 sets in the range
01:12 It’s like silly string
01:30 50m cable run
02:01 Rumpotec meter
03:09 Counting the metres of rod
03:42 Measuring in both directions
04:07 Cable attachment
04:47 I love the X board
== AD ===============================
Tomi Engdahl says:
Universally Dangerous Socket Outlet – The Holiday Shocker
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LKcvl7n09U
Is it worth the risk of an electric shock or fire to avoid taking travel adaptors on holiday? Hotels are installing universal electrical socket outlets (or receptacles if you’re tuning in from the USA). These universal sockets look similar to British Standard BS1363 sockets. However, with universal sockets, you can insert almost any plug the world offers.
After the plug on a hair dryer melted, Gordon Routledge put down his Pina Colada and headed off to the local market to discover the problems.
We purchased a Legrand universal socket outlet and a version from Keffy. Neither socket outlet has any instructions of warnings about the potential for electric shock.
========================================
00:00 Dangerous holiday hotel electrics
00:19 A trip to the market to buy a socket
00:50 Locals don’t bother with plugs
01:25 Where would we be without electrical standards – Mauritius (and other places)
01:59 The real reason the UK left the EU
02:33 Universal electrical socket outlets
03:00 Electric Shock Risk 1 – Exposed live parts
04:10 Electric Shock Risk 2 – No earth connection
06:10 Fire Risk – Poor connection
06:30 Breaking news from Unilight
06:55 Inside a universal socket outlet – Keffy
10:00 Poor connections
10:50 The Legrand version
11:40 Look away, now Gary’s got shorts on!
===========================================
Tomi Engdahl says:
Sähköasennustandardi SFS 6000 päivittyi
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/13916-saehkoeasennustandardi-sfs-6000-paeivittyi
Pienjännitesähköasennuksia koskevasta SFS 6000 -standardista on julkaistu päivitetty versio. Yhteensä 41-osaisessa standardisarjassa on kaksi kokonaan uutta osaa: SFS 6000-5-57 koskee kiinteiden akustojen asennuksia ja SFS 6000-7-716 Pienoisjännitteisen tasasähkötehon jakelua tietotekniikan ja tietoliikennetekniikan kaapeloinnin kautta.
Vuoden 2022 standardipäivitys ei sisällä radikaaleja uusia vaatimuksia, kuten edellisiltä päivityskierroksilta tuttu vikavirtasuojausvaatimuksen asteittainen laajentaminen.
Standardin termistöä on päivitetty ja lisäsuojauksen vaatimuksia täsmennetty. Myös usean syötön järjestelmät on otettu paremmin huomioon. Uuden standardin mukaan myös kontaktorin käyttö hätäpoiskytkentään on sallittu, mikäli käytetään kontaktoria, jonka mitoitusvirta on vähintään 1,5-kertainen kuormitusvirtaan nähden tai asennetaan kaksi mitoitusvirtaista kontaktoria sarjaan.
Standardisarjaan on myös lisätty esimerkkejä toiminnallisen maadoituksen käytöstä ja tarkennettu maallikoiden liitettäväksi tarkoitettujen valaisinten liitäntätarvikkeiden vaatimuksia.
Sähköautojen lataus huomioitu paremmin
Nollaluokan pistorasiat historiaan – mutta varo huijareita!
Uuden standardin mukaan vanhoihinkaan asennuksiin ei saa enää asentaa uusia nollaluokan pistorasioista. Vanhan rikkinäisen 0-luokan pistorasian saa edelleen vaihtaa ehjään. Olemassa olevat nollaluokan pistorasiat ovat edelleen laillisia, eikä niitä tarvitse korvata ilman erityistä syytä. Nollaluokan pistorasiat eivät ole siis jatkossakaan ”laittomia”, vaikka esimerkiksi turhia sähköremontteja etenkin vanhuksille kaupittelevat niin joskus uskottelevatkin.
Voi noudattaa vaikka heti
Päivitettyä standardia voi hyödyntää asennus- ja suunnittelutöissä vaikka heti. Pakolliseksi sen noudattaminen tulee, kun sähköturvallisuusviranomainen on päivittänyt standardin sähköturvallisuuslain mukaiseen standardiluetteloon (Tukes-luettelo S10). Tämä on perinteisesti tapahtunut vuoden vaihteessa.
Sähköalan standardointi on kansainvälistä
Sähköalalla pyritään välttämään päällekkäistä ja turhaa työtä. Suomessa käytössä oleva sähköasennusstandardikin perustuu eurooppalaiseen HD 60364 -standardisarjaan, joka puolestaan perustuu kansainväliseen IEC 60364 -standardisarjaan.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://sesko.fi/sesko-akatemia/eraiden-maiden-sahkoasennusstandardeja/
IEC 60364-pohjaiset standardit ovat käytössä monessa maassa Euroopan ulkopuolella. USA ja Kanada ovat selkeitä poikkeuksia ja niissä on käytössä omanlaiset standardit.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC_60364
IEC 60364 Electrical Installations for Buildings is the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)’s international standard on electrical installations of buildings. This standard is an attempt to harmonize national wiring standards in an IEC standard and is published in the European Union by CENELEC as “HD 60364″. The latest versions of many European wiring regulations (e.g., BS 7671 in the UK) follow the section structure of IEC 60364 very closely, but contain additional language to cater for historic national practice and to simplify field use and determination of compliance by electricians and inspectors. National codes and site guides are meant to attain the common objectives of IEC 60364, and provide rules in a form that allows for guidance of persons installing and inspecting electrical systems.
Tomi Engdahl says:
What did the circuit say to the careless technician?
“You complete me”
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://promaintlehti.fi/Laite-ja-korjaustekniikat/Uusi-standardi-muuttaa-sahkojakokeskusten-valmistusta
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://koulutusmaailma.fi/fi/news/miksi-sahkotyoturvallisuuskoulutus-on-tarkeaa
Tomi Engdahl says:
EEVblog 1481 – Dodgy Dangerous Heater REPAIR
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myqiqUE00fo
A heater that doesn’t heat up should be an easy and quick repair, right? RIGHT?
This Arlec space heater also has a rather dodgy and product recall worthy dangerous construction!
00:00 – Arlec space heater
03:20 – PRODUCT RECALL TIME!
05:12 – Heater element measurement
07:31 – PCB inspection
11:31 – Verifying the fault
12:50 – Relay bypass
13:21 – Thou shall measure voltages
15:00 – Diode bridge
15:48 – Gotcha!
17:34 – Parts salvage time
18:48 – Jaycar visit
20:49 – Mains capacitive divider
23:02 – X and Y class capacitors
Part 2 looking at the mains Zener regulator circuit :
EEVblog 1482 – Mains Capacitor Zener Regulator Circuit
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJ4pW6LKJWU
A follow up to the previous video on repairing the heater.
A viewer asked how the capacitor diode rectifier gave a 24V output. The key is in the zener regulator, so this vidoe looks at how mains powered zener voltage regulators work, and their limitations.
X class capacitor and self healing.
The Zener regulator makes perfect sense with the series resistance impedance on the AC side and low current loads.
Good that you give the safety warnings, they’re absolutely essential with this type of circuits.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://vaarallisettuotteet.fi/etusivu
Tomi Engdahl says:
Double-death gay Dalek camping light. (Fatal shock risk.)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tMuXuIYkco
Another dangerous mains voltage rechargeable camping light that has high risk of fatal electrocution due to inappropriate charging circuitry.
If you have one of these then you’re going to have to make a decision about whether it should be destroyed, made safe by blocking the 110V/240V charging port or if you are a technical loner like me then you can acknowledge the risk and just make sure the unit is completely unplugged when plugging anything into the USB port or changing batteries.
Note that using alkaline cells in the base is not a good idea. Especially if plugging the unit in to charge, as they will vent or explode after a random time delay.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Automatic Disconnection of Supply (ADS)
https://professional-electrician.com/technical/automatic-disconnection-supply-ads/
The protective measure Automatic Disconnection of Supply (ADS) is used in most electrical installations to provide protection against electric shock. This article provides an overview of how ADS is achieved in a typical domestic premises.
Basic protection is required to prevent contact with live parts and is generally verified by inspection. In domestic premises, contact with live parts may occur as a result of damage to cable insulation or enclosures or because barriers are missing.
Fault protection
For the protective measure ADS, fault protection should be provided in accordance with Regulation Group 411.3. The requirements for protective earthing, protective equipotential bonding and automatic disconnection in case of fault should be satisfied. For domestic premises, earth fault loop impedance testing is the most common method used to verify circuit disconnection.
For protection against electric shock, the magnitude of the fault current needs to be sufficient to cause the protective device to automatically disconnect the circuit within the relevant maximum time specified in BS 7671. In order to verify compliance with BS 7671, knowledge of the earth fault loop impedance is required for each circuit that relies on ADS as the protective measure against electric shock (Regulation 612.9 refers).
Where it is safe to do so, earth fault loop impedance tests should be carried out at the following points within an installation:
The origin
The furthest point of every distribution circuit
The furthest point of every final circuit A test is carried out at the origin of the installation to determine the external earth fault loop impedance Ze which, forms part of the earth fault loop impedance of every circuit connected to the installation (Fig 2 refers).
The purpose of the test is to confirm that the intended means of earthing is present and its measured impedance value is appropriate for the type of supply.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Which One is More Dangerous? 120V or 230V and Why?
https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2022/09/dangerous-120v-or-230v.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
Terrible commercial!! https://www.facebook.com/reel/489233729875022?s=yWDuG2&fs=e
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2022/10/which-one-is-more-dangerous-50hz-or-60hz.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
Wire amperage
https://www.energy-solutions.co.uk/technical-information
https://www.sab-cable.com/cables-wires-harnessing-temperature-measurement/technical-data/cables-and-wires/instructions-for-the-safe-application-of-cables/boundary-conditions/calculate-wire-cross-section-current-carrying-capacity-table.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
LED in water turns on
https://youtu.be/LAzWPNu1Nm8
Tomi Engdahl says:
Energia-alalla suojavaatteet ovat elinehto
https://www.enertec.fi/natiivi/3473/energia-alalla-suojavaatteet-ovat-elinehto?fbclid=IwAR1a0P8t6Cnta78JF7Io7WtD7dbcX8DbFOgqjJkVtrMTc_al0y9yvk8ZCjA
Energia-alan ammattilaiset tietävät, että asianmukaisten suojavaatteiden käyttö kentällä ei ole muotiasia, vaan ääritapauksessa elämän ja kuoleman asia.
Tomi Engdahl says:
PARTIAL DISCHARGES: WHO NEEDS TO DETECT THEM AND WHY?
https://nlacoustics.com/partial-discharges-who-needs-to-detect-them-and-why%ef%bf%bc%ef%bf%bc/
In addition to the industry and energy sectors, undetected partial discharges pose a threat to the operational safety and continuity of many critical areas of business and society. This article outlines how commonplace the occurrence of partial discharges actually is, and which operatives should pay extra attention to early-stage detection.
Partial discharges or PDs, as they are often referred to, are widely recognized as a serious threat in electrical systems. In fact, it has been estimated that up to 85% of electrical failures are related to partial discharges. While the existence of and need to detect partial discharges in industries like energy production and distribution seems fairly obvious, there are many sectors where the need for early stage detection is less apparent but equally critical. Do you know if the equipment that is vital for your business is prone to partial discharges? And if so, what kinds of risks your operations are exposed to and how are you best able to mitigate them?
Tomi Engdahl says:
Scary eBay Chinese factory test equipment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hz7X7WQIau4
Having seen the “tame” version of this in some eBay listings (just a box with a switch and speaker terminals), I went on eBay looking for one, and found something much more exciting.
This is a lamp tester for use in Chinese factories where they assemble the lamps and then test them to see if they light. This unit also does a fast power test that will beep a warning if the lamp deviates from a preset power range.
It’s really exciting feature is the auxiliary mains voltage test facility that gives you the option of stuffing wires into speaker connectors or just using flying test probes with full mains voltage on the tips. It makes me wonder how many innocent Chinese factory workers have passed pant-filling amounts of electrical current, or simply had the probes explode on contact with either faulty equipment or random metalwork in the vicinity. Not helped by the unpolarised power connector.
Soldering the detached wire back on proved to be a bit tricky, as the wire is definitely not copper and would not take solder well.
Note that for obvious reasons this is not suitable for use in factories in the majority of other countries. Test equipment normally has to have safety systems built in to avoid accidental electrical contact.