In the tech world, there is a constant flow of changes and keeping up with them means the choice for tools and technologies which are the most appropriate to invest your time in. In 2025 the best programming language or technology stack to learn really depends on your personal aims, hobbies, and apps you are going to create.
The interest in Java is dropping. February 2025 TIOBE programming community index. C++, which has long been the cornerstone of system programming and performance-critical applications, has officially overtaken Java to take second place in the TIOBE programming language popularity index. A new report from the Java vendor Azul claims that 88% of companies are considering moving off of Oracle Java to another alternative as a result of rising costs and restrictive policies from Oracle, among other issues.
The growing trend in the world of software development: speed matters. C++, Go, and Rust are gaining popularity because the need for computing power increases faster than speed of CPUs is increasing, sothere is a growing interest to the fast programming languages. While C++ is establishing itself, other fast languages are making significant strides. Go continues its top 10 ranking, while Rust has reached an all-time high.
Python still holds its place at the top of the programming world. Since the number of trained experts in the software industry is not enough to cover the growing need, professionals from many other fields are taking over programming skills with the help of Python. This ensures that Python maintains its position even as speed continues to be emphasized in programming language choices. Programs written with Python are often notoriously slow and inefficient. Python 3.14, due out later this year, is set to receive a new type of interpreter that can boost performance by up to 30% with no changes to existing code. Write Python like it’s 2025 and check Python Libraries That Will Make You Feel Like a Data Wizard.
There are also innovative alternatives to the popular languages are gaining steam—and one of them could be the perfect fit for your next project. Top programming languages to learn in 2025: Python, JavaScript, Rust, and more – maybe also Go. Check out also those 11 cutting-edge programming languages to learn now or decide it is better for you to not going to learn a new programming language this year.
Microsoft is actively pushing Visual Studio Code extensions for many uses and even replacing existing separate tools. GitHub Copilot is advertised as your AI pair programmer tool in Visual Studio Code. Check the Best VS Code Extensions to Boost Your Productivity.
Best Backend Frameworks for 2025: A Developer’s Guide to Making the Right Choice The stakes for choosing the right backend framework have never been higher. With the explosion of AI-powered applications, real-time processing requirements, and microservices architectures, your framework choice can make or break your project’s success.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating at an astonishing pace, quickly moving from emerging technologies to impacting coding a lot AI tools have come heavily to the coding. Coders use AI to help their coding in many ways. You can write code quickly. How to refactor code with GitHub Copilot. How To Build Web Components Using ChatGPT. There are also warnings that Using GitHub Copilot is one sure-fire way to never actually learn how to do coding.
The web has come a long way from static HTML pages to dynamic and highly interactive applications. When traditional JavaScript-based web apps struggle with performance-intensive tasks, WebAssembly (WASM) promises to enable near-native performance on the web. Read Why WebAssembly (WASM) is the Future of High-Performance Web Apps.
JavaScript in 2025 will see advancements in serverless architectures, integration with WebAssembly, adoption of microfrontends, and more. JavaScript is also a fighting field. Deno filed a petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to cancel Oracle’s trademark in November 2024. Oracle will not voluntarily release its trademark on the word “JavaScript”. Building Modern React Apps in 2025 – A Guide to Cutting-Edge Tools and Tech Stacks
The open source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment Node.js will soon support TypeScript by default, without extra configuration. Node 23 will be able to run TypeScript files without any extra configuration. Express is an extremely commonly used web server application framework in Node.js.
Open Source in 2025: Strap In, Disruption Straight Ahead article takes a look for new tensions to arise in the New Year over licensing, the open source AI definition, security and compliance, and how to pay volunteer maintainers. For good news check out Top Open Source Projects to Watch in 2025 and 13 top open-source tools you must use for your next big project in 2025.
The Mobile Development Tech Stack for 2025 selection is important because the right tech stack can make or break your mobile app. The mobile development tech stack for 2025 is rich with opportunities.
Must-Know 2025 Developer’s Roadmap and Key Programming Trends article says that in the world of coding trends, one thing is clear: classic languages like Java, Python, and JavaScript are still important, but they’re being joined by new favorites such as Go and Rust. And when you ask “Is JavaScript or Python 2025?” the answer is rarely simple – and could be that you need both.
Here are some points:
Python’s Growth in Data Work and AI: Python continues to lead because of its easy-to-read style and the huge number of libraries available for tasks from data work to artificial intelligence. Tools like TensorFlow and PyTorch make it a must-have.
JavaScript and Its Ongoing Role in Building Website: JavaScript (and by extension, TypeScript) is the basic building block. JavaScript is still essential for web work, running both the parts you see on a site and the behind-the-scenes work, but many coders are now preferring TypeScript for business projects. Try building a small web app using React.
The Rise of Go and Rust: For those looking at future coding languages 2025, Go and Rust are getting a lot of attention.
Java, C++, and C#: The Reliable Favorites: Even in 2025, there’s no ignoring that languages like Java, C++, and C# are still important. Java continues to be a top choice for large business applications and Android app development, while C++ is key in systems work and game development.
There are several shifts that every aspiring coder should keep in mind:
Adding Artificial Intelligence to Coding: The future of coding is closely linked with AI
Building for the Cloud: With cloud computing becoming common, languages that handle many tasks at once and run fast (like Go and Rust) are more important than ever.
The Need for Full-Stack Skills: Coders today are expected to handle both the front part of websites and the back-end work. JavaScript, along with tools like Node.js and modern front-end libraries, is key.
Focus on Safety and Speed: With online security becoming a big issue, languages that help avoid mistakes are getting more attention. Rust’s features that prevent memory errors and Go’s straightforward style are good examples.
Keep Learning and Stay Flexible: One thing that never changes in tech is change itself. What is popular in 2024 might be different in 2025.
Here’s a simple table that sums up some facts in plain language:
| Language | 2025 Trend | Main Advantage | Resource Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python | Leads in data work and AI | Easy to read, lots of tools | GeeksforGeeks |
| JavaScript | Essential for building websites | Works everywhere on the web | Snappify |
| TypeScript | Becoming popular in large projects | Helps catch errors early | Fullstack Academy |
| Go | Growing quickly in cloud computing | Fast and handles many tasks at once | Nucamp |
| Rust | New favorite for safe, low-level coding | Prevents common memory mistakes | The Ceres Group |
| Java | Still important for big business and Android work | Runs on many types of systems | Wikipedia |
Best Dev Stacks to Learn in 2025lists the top development stacks for 2025 to be:
1. MERN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js)
2. MEVN Stack (MongoDB, Express.js, Vue.js, Node.js)
3. JAMstack (JavaScript, APIs, Markup)
4. T3 Stack (Next.js, TypeScript, tRPC, Tailwind CSS, Prisma)
5. Flutter Stack (Flutter, Firebase)
6. PERN Stack (PostgreSQL, Express.js, React, Node.js)
7. Django Stack (Django, PostgreSQL, React/Angular)
8. DevOps Stack (Docker, Kubernetes, Jenkins, Terraform)
9. AI/ML Stack (Python, TensorFlow, PyTorch, FastAPI)
10. Blockchain Development Stack (Solidity, Ethereum, Hardhat)
11. Spring Boot + React Stack
10 hot programming trends — and 10 going cold
Hot: Repatriation
Not: Cloud bills
Hot: AI partners
Not: Human pair programming
Hot: Rust
Not: C/C++
Hot: Wasm
Not: Interpreters
Hot: CPUs
Not: GPUs
Hot: Zero-knowledge proofs
Not: Digital signatures
Hot: Trustworthy ledgers
Not: Turing-complete ledgers
Hot: GraphQL
Not: REST
Hot: Static site generators
Not: Single-page apps
Hot: Database configuration
Not: Software programming
What’s trending in Software-driven Automation (SDA) in 2025? Here are some predictions:
1. Virtual Safe Control – A new and novel concept introduced by CODESYS and SILista, making it possible to implement Functional Safety controller reaching SIL2 or even SIL3 level, using generic hardware with help of software virtualisation. This will significantly decrease cost of hardware and speed up development cycle.
2. Open platforms – This trend started already last year, and now we’re seeing more and more automation vendors coming this way. #ctrlXOS opened the game, and there are other vendors like Phoenix coming the same way with their PLCnext Virtualised.
3. Model-based Design (MBD) – An old concept but not yet fully utilised in development. Maybe because lack of well integrated toolchains in the past. But now we’re seeing more and more industrial players adopting the methodology in their product development.
4. AI, of course, but how? Naturally AI can assist in efficient software development and testing. Also some algorithm optimisation and condition monitoring with AI and ML has been seen.
663 Comments
Tomi Engdahl says:
GitHub Copilot evolves into autonomous agent with asynchronous code testing
https://venturebeat.com/ai/github-copilot-evolves-into-autonomous-agent-with-asynchronous-code-testing/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.infoq.com/news/2025/05/cloudflare-vite-plugin/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Microsoft announces over 50 AI tools to build the ‘agentic web’ at Build 2025
https://venturebeat.com/ai/microsoft-announces-over-50-ai-tools-to-build-the-agentic-web-at-build-2025/
Tomi Engdahl says:
To Fix Platform Engineering, Build What Users Actually Want
Platform engineering should reduce friction, enable agility and make technology a seamless enabler, not a burden. But how do we know if it’s working?
https://thenewstack.io/to-fix-platform-engineering-build-what-users-actually-want/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://lemire.me/blog/2025/05/18/returning-several-values-from-a-function-in-c-c23-edition/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://notgull.net/calloop/
async/await versus the Calloop Model
Tomi Engdahl says:
Dead Code Detection Just Got Easier for Java Developers
A new integration helps Java teams automatically detect and remove dead code across enterprise applications, saving developer time and improving security.
https://thenewstack.io/dead-code-detection-just-got-easier-for-java-developers/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/somadevtoo/12-timeless-books-every-programmer-should-read-3202
Tomi Engdahl says:
What Happened When Scientists Exposed Human Cells To 5G? Absolutely Nothing
A recent study exposed human cells to electromagnetic frequencies well beyond those of 5G towers, and nothing happened.
https://www.iflscience.com/what-happened-when-scientists-exposed-human-cells-to-5g-absolutely-nothing-79247
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://itnext.io/performance-benchmark-node-js-vs-go-9dbad158c3b0
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://cloudyrion.com/en/insights/sbom-compliance-under-the-eu-cra/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.zdnet.com/article/rust-turns-10-how-a-broken-elevator-changed-software-forever/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.zdnet.com/article/rust-turns-10-how-a-broken-elevator-changed-software-forever/
https://www.kdnuggets.com/run-python-in-your-browser-with-pyscript-a-beginners-guide
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://itnext.io/build-your-own-saas-cloud-platform-with-kamaji-and-gitops-aeec1b5f17fd
Tomi Engdahl says:
Run Python in Your Browser with PyScript: A Beginner’s Guide
You don’t need an additional setup to run the Python web application.
https://www.kdnuggets.com/run-python-in-your-browser-with-pyscript-a-beginners-guide
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://code.visualstudio.com/blogs/2025/05/19/openSourceAIEditor
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://spectrum.ieee.org/bellmac-32-ieee-milestone
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.zdnet.com/article/the-linux-6-15-kernel-arrives-and-its-big-a-victory-for-rust-fans/
Tomi Engdahl says:
5 Error Handling Patterns in Python (Beyond Try-Except)
Stop letting errors crash your app. Master these 5 Python patterns that handle failures like a pro!
https://www.kdnuggets.com/5-error-handling-patterns-in-python-beyond-try-except
Tomi Engdahl says:
Google’s Cloud IDP Could Replace Platform Engineering
Google Cloud’s Internal Development Platform project promises to revolutionize software building by shifting platform engineering responsibilities from developers to the cloud itself through integrated, app-centric services.
https://thenewstack.io/googles-cloud-idp-could-replace-platform-engineering/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://hackaday.com/2025/06/12/the-billionth-repository-on-github-is-really-shitty/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Lopulta tekoäly lopettaa koodaamisen
https://etn.fi/index.php/13-news/17648-lopulta-tekoaely-lopettaa-koodaamisen
AWS:n Principal Developer Advocate Gunnar Grosch esitti AWS Summit Stockholm 2025 -tapahtumassa rohkean näkemyksen ohjelmistokehityksen tulevaisuudesta. – Lopulta tekoäly lopettaa koodaamisen. Hänen mukaansa kehittäjien rooli on jo nyt siirtymässä koodin kirjoittajista kohti koodintarkastajaa – asiantuntijaa, joka ohjaa, tarkistaa ja optimoi tekoälyn tuottamaa koodia.
Grosch on itse koodannut yli 25 vuotta ja toteaa rehellisesti, että suuri osa kehittäjän ajasta kuluu väärin asioihin. Itse asiassa kehittäjä käyttää alle tunnin päivässä varsinaiseen koodin kirjoittamiseen. Loppu aika menee järjestelmien ylläpitoon, hallintaan ja tukitehtäviin. Juuri tähän haasteeseen Amazon vastaa kehittämällään työkalulla Amazon Q Developer.
Amazon Q Developer on uuden sukupolven tekoälyagentti, joka auttaa kehittäjiä koko ohjelmistokehityksen elinkaaren ajan. Tällä tarkoitetaan sitä, että työkalu pystyy tukemaan niin uuden koodin suunnittelussa, kirjoittamisessa ja dokumentoinnissa kuin myös olemassa olevan koodin refaktoroinnissa, optimoinnissa, tietoturvan parantamisessa ja käyttöönotossa. Groschin mukaan Q Developer ei pelkästään ehdota ratkaisuja, vaan toimii aktiivisesti: se tekee koodimuutoksia, laatii funktiot ja dokumentaation, huolehtii testikattavuudesta ja jopa ottaa koodin käyttöön palvelussa.
Q Developer on koulutettu erityisesti AWS-maailmaan ja tuntee AWS:n parhaat käytännöt. Sen voi yhdistää esimerkiksi IDE-työkaluihin, komentorivikäyttöön, Slackiin, Gitlabiin tai AWS:n omaan konsoliin. Pro-version avulla se voidaan myös opettaa tuntemaan organisaation oma koodi, jolloin tekoäly pystyy tuottamaan entistä paremmin yrityksen tyyliin ja standardeihin sopivaa koodia.
Groschin mukaan on syytä kysyä, onko tekoälyn kanssa keskusteleminen tulevaisuuden koodaamista. Hän uskoo, että näin on, ja että tekoäly voi tuottaa jopa parempaa koodia kuin ihminen – erityisesti silloin, kun sitä käytetään viisaasti muun muassa optimointiin, laadun tarkasteluun ja dokumentointiin.
Lopulta tekoäly ei siis lopeta ohjelmistokehittäjän työtä. Se vain lopettaa sen, että koodia täytyy kirjoittaa käsin. Koodaamisesta tulee agentin kanssa keskustelua ja agentti neuvoo, ohjaa ja tuottaa koodin. Samalla koko prosessi nopeutuu merkittävästi.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://github.blog/changelog/2025-06-13-github-copilot-in-vs-code-may-release-v1-101/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://docs.anthropic.com/en/docs/claude-code/common-workflows
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.hopkins.fi/artikkelit/maksimalismi-vs-minimalismi-digianalytiikassa/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/built-multi-agent-research-system
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.howtogeek.com/why-im-switching-my-software-to-open-source-alternatives/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://blog.jetbrains.com/rust/2025/06/12/rust-vs-go/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/therealmrmumba/10-free-public-apis-im-actually-using-as-a-developer-in-2025-2p3
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/anthonymax/12-open-source-tools-every-developer-should-know-pn2
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://visualstudiomagazine.com/articles/2025/06/09/microsoft-delays-vs-code-may-2025-release-pushes-ahead-on-copilot-chat-open-sourcing.aspx
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.kai-waehner.de/blog/2025/06/09/how-openai-uses-apache-kafka-and-flink-for-genai/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Vibe Coding as a software engineer
There’s a lot of talk about “vibe coding”, but is it just a vague term for prototyping, or could vibes change how we build software?
https://newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com/p/vibe-coding-as-a-software-engineer
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/anthonymax/14-open-source-tools-to-become-the-ultimate-developer-9j2
Tomi Engdahl says:
Elixir: An Alternative to JavaScript-Based Web Development
Some frustrated JavaScript developers have turned to Elixir and its Phoenix framework. They claim it has faster development and lower costs.
https://thenewstack.io/elixir-an-alternative-to-javascript-based-web-development/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Cisco president says dredging coding syntax from wetware memory wastes engineers’ expensive synapses
Wants to let AI do the boring bits so his team can invent more cool stuff
https://www.theregister.com/2025/06/10/cisco_wants_ai_coding_assistants/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Enforced Kotlin, breaking changes, grabbing signing keys: Google makes Android development too hard say devs
https://devclass.com/2025/06/09/enforced-kotlin-breaking-changes-grabbing-signing-keys-google-makes-android-development-too-hard-say-devs/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://realpython.com/python-news-june-2025/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://medium.com/vibecodingpub/google-jules-an-autonomous-and-asynchronous-coding-agent-2bbd5daa0436
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://forum.cursor.com/t/cursor-claude-code-ide-is-not-connected/101659
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.neowin.net/news/unofficial-script-does-the-most-useful-official-windows-1110-repairs-you-want-automatically/#google_vignette
Tomi Engdahl says:
Describe what you want to build. Wonderish makes beautiful websites, landing pages, funnels and more.
https://wonderish.ai/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Hedge funds are replacing a programming language with Rust, but it’s not C++
https://www.efinancialcareers.com/news/rust-replacing-c-programming-language-hedge-fund
Tomi Engdahl says:
GitHub for Beginners: Code review and refactoring with GitHub Copilot
Learn how to use GitHub Copilot to help review and polish your code.
https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/github-copilot/github-for-beginners-code-review-and-refactoring-with-github-copilot/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.theregister.com/2025/06/10/xlibre_new_xorg_fork/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://fortune.com/2025/06/09/bill-atkinson-steve-jobs-respect-apple-pascal-progamming-language/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Real-world engineering challenges: building Cursor
Cursor has grown 100x in load in just a year, sees 1M+ QPS for its data layer, and serves billions of code completions, daily. A deepdive into how it’s built with cofounder, Sualeh Asif
https://newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com/p/cursor
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.howtogeek.com/open-source-operating-systems-that-arent-linux/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://dev.to/teamcamp/from-junior-to-senior-the-skills-roadmap-no-one-talks-about-18fn
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://kvaser.com/can-protocol-tutorial/