Innovation is critical in today’s engineering world and it demands technical knowledge and the highest level of creativity. Seeing compact articles that solve design problems or display innovative ways to accomplish design tasks can help to fuel your electronics creativity.
You can find many very circuit ideas at ePanorama.net circuits page.
In addition to this links to interesting electronics design related articles worth to check out can be posted to the comments section.
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Tomi Engdahl says:
Thermaltake reinvents how to apply thermal paste to CPUs
By Paul Lilly 12 days ago
What’s wrong with a pea-sized amount of thermal paste?
https://www.pcgamer.com/thermaltake-reinvents-how-to-apply-thermal-paste-to-cpus/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Voltaic Cell – Construction, Types, How it Works, Applications, Advantages
https://electricalfundablog.com/voltaic-cell-construction-types-how-it-works-applications-advantages/
Voltaic Cell is primarily used to produce Electrical energy through chemical reactions. It is also called Galvanic Cell. This post will discuss in detail about what is Voltaic Cell or Galvanic Cell, it’s construction and types, how it works, applications and advantages.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Electronics components type and explanation
https://hackatronic.com/electronics-components-type-and-explanation/
Free Books on Electronics and electrical
https://www.electroinvention.co.in/free-books-electronics-and-electrical
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.edn.com/microcontroller-interfaces-to-24v/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Greg Davill Sinks His Teeth Into ShArc: A Geometric Technique for Multi-Bend/Shape Sensing
https://www.hackster.io/news/greg-davill-sinks-his-teeth-into-sharc-a-geometric-technique-for-multi-bend-shape-sensing-9ab2311ad959
Davill shows us that the gates to cutting-edge research are within the grasp of all of us.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.electrical4u.net/transformer/swg-to-current-amperage-chart-transformer-wire-amperage-table/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://eepower.com/resistor-guide/resistor-standards-and-codes/resistor-color-code/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Mosquito Killer Bat Circuit Working Explanation
https://www.electrothinks.com/2019/09/Mosquito-killer-bat-circuit-working-explanation.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
How To Calculate A Transformer Part 2 // BINOD STYLE TO DISTRUBUTE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGUdi7wNBss
Tomi Engdahl says:
Repairing dakin air conditioner – study about 300vdc boost voltage circuit opv1 opv2 and troubleshooting errors in daikin circuit
https://authelectronic.com/repairing-dakin-air-conditioner-study-about-300vdc-boost-voltage-circuit-opv1-opv2
Tomi Engdahl says:
This simple #CircuitDesign lets you measure all components of a current flowing in a dc servo #motor #DesignIdeas #DIWednesday
Circuit measures currents in dc servo motor
https://www.edn.com/circuit-measures-currents-in-dc-servo-motor/?utm_content=bufferfbbfa&utm_medium=social&utm_source=edn_facebook&utm_campaign=buffer
The simple circuit design in Figure 1 lets you measure all components of a current flowing in a dc servo motor. The rectified output of the circuit uses ground as a reference, so you can measure the output by using a single-ended A/D converter. The current-sense resistor, R1 , has a value of 0.1Ω.
The Zetex ZXCT1010 IC converts the differential signal across R1 to a single-ended signal. Two of these ICs form a signal rectifier. The single-ended signal makes measurement by an A/D converter cost-effective, small, and frugal in power consumption. The method also makes it possible to measure current from many sources at a time, such as in robots that use multiple servo motors.
Measurement accuracy is approximately ±3%, which is adequate in most dynamic systems. Hence, an 8-bit A/D converter suffices to digitize the signal. If an average value of the current is of interest, then you can place an averaging capacitor between the V+ and V– terminals to remove the ac component. The unfiltered signal has 300-kHz response to ac current.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/test-measurement/whitepaper/21140081/warning-your-dmm-is-discharging-your-battery-cell?utm_source=EG+ED+Analog+%26+Power+Source&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS200825021&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.electronicdesign.com/power-management/whitepaper/21140276/what-is-a-stepdown-transformer?utm_source=EG+ED+Analog+%26+Power+Source&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS200825022&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.edn.com/control-an-lm317t-with-a-pwm-signal/
Tomi Engdahl says:
http://www.cpcwiki.eu/index.php/Serial_RS232_Mouse
https://linux.die.net/man/4/mouse
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://circuitdiagrams.in/electrical-symbols/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.circuitcrush.com/crystal-oscillator-tutorial/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.edn.com/feed-forward-principle-cancels-waveform-distortion/
Tomi Engdahl says:
MOSFET. Datasheet
https://alltransistors.com/mosfet/
Tomi Engdahl says:
#ReferenceDesigns provide a complete, pre-tested #circuit, saving substantial time and effort and minimizing #design risks Maxim Integrated #engineering https://buff.ly/3lt6mqz
Tomi Engdahl says:
Feed forward principle cancels waveform #distortion
#LivingAnalog #amplifier #signals https://buff.ly/34L9tEt
Tomi Engdahl says:
Measure RTD Sensors without a Precision Current Source
You can achieve accurate resistance-temperature-detector sensor measurements without having to resort to using a precision current source.
https://www.electronicdesign.com/resources/ideas-for-design/article/21139334/measure-rtd-sensors-without-a-precision-current-source?utm_source=EG+ED+Analog+%26+Power+Source&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS200828017&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Traditionally, resistance-temperature-detector (RTD) sensor resistance is measured by applying a precision current source and measuring the developed voltage. This approach usually requires a precision voltage reference to create then current source, followed by a high-quality analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to measure the voltage.
This isn’t difficult to achieve at room temperature, but when you consider that the temperature of your measuring system can be in the range of −40 to +55 C°, the task becomes more daunting.
A brute-force approach to this problem would be to use an expensive temperature-stable voltage reference, ADC, and other components combined with software calibration to compensate for the temperature drift of parameters. This approach is complex and will fail to achieve the high precision that borderlines the sensor accuracy.
A better approach was discovered using 5 ppm/°C ultra-stable resistors with 0.1% accuracy as a reference for RTD measurements. This approach requires two onboard ultra-stable resistors for calibration (1k and 2k) to achieve high RTD precision. Those resistors are used to calibrate the RTD reading and compensate for temperature-drift errors.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Power Density: What All EEs Need to Know
https://www.electronicdesign.com/power-management/whitepaper/21140137/power-density-what-all-ees-need-to-know?utm_source=EG+ED+Analog+%26+Power+Source&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS200828019&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Power density is a measure of the amount of output power of a circuit or device divided by the volume of the device or product. The power value should be the continuous maximum amount of power the circuit can furnish under worst-case environmental conditions.
Understanding the Trade-offs and Technologies to Increase Power Density
https://www.ti.com/lit/wp/slyy193/slyy193.pdf?HQS=app-null-null-pwrbrand_density-asset-mc-ElectronicDesign-wwe&ts=1599200867690
Sponsored by Texas Instruments: As power density becomes a more important factor in supply and power circuit design, engineers need to closely look at reducing switching losses, improving thermal performance, and increasing integration.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Introduction to the fundamental technologies of power density
https://e2e.ti.com/blogs_/b/powerhouse/archive/2020/08/18/introduction-to-the-fundamental-technologies-of-power-density?HQS=app-null-null-pwrbrand_density-asset-ta-ElectronicDesign-wwe&DCM=yes&dclid=COukh7_vzusCFVi2mgodsqUIVg
The importance and value of power density in modern power-delivery solutions cannot be overstated.
To better understand the fundamental technologies of high-power-density designs, in this article I’ll examine the four most important aspects of high-power-density solutions:
Reduced loss generation.
Optimal topology and control selection.
Effective heat removal.
Reducing system volume through mechanical and electrical component integration.
I’ll also demonstrate how partnering with TI, and using advanced technological capabilities and products that support these four aspects, can help improve your efforts to achieve high-power-density figures.
For power-management applications, the definition of power density seems straightforward: it is the rated (or nominal) output power of the converter divided by the volume that the converter occupies
https://training.ti.com/introduction-fundamental-technologies-power-density?context=1147177-1147168&HQS=app-null-null-pwrbrand_density-asset-tr-ElectronicDesign-wwe&DCM=yes&dclid=COOy0LvvzusCFRHsmgodQeEBTg
Tomi Engdahl says:
Introduction to the fundamental technologies of power density
https://e2e.ti.com/blogs_/b/powerhouse/archive/2020/08/18/introduction-to-the-fundamental-technologies-of-power-density?HQS=app-null-null-pwrbrand_density-asset-ta-ElectronicDesign-wwe&DCM=yes&dclid=COukh7_vzusCFVi2mgodsqUIVg
The importance and value of power density in modern power-delivery solutions cannot be overstated.
To better understand the fundamental technologies of high-power-density designs, in this article I’ll examine the four most important aspects of high-power-density solutions:
Reduced loss generation.
Optimal topology and control selection.
Effective heat removal.
Reducing system volume through mechanical and electrical component integration.
I’ll also demonstrate how partnering with TI, and using advanced technological capabilities and products that support these four aspects, can help improve your efforts to achieve high-power-density figures.
For power-management applications, the definition of power density seems straightforward: it is the rated (or nominal) output power of the converter divided by the volume that the converter occupies
Tomi Engdahl says:
Näin suunnittelet pienen erillisteholähteen
https://etn.fi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11108&via=n&datum=2020-09-04_14:27:17&mottagare=31202
Hyötysuhteen kannalta kodinkoneiden pienitehoisia ohjausosia ei kannata syöttää samasta teholähteestä kuin varsinaisia teho-osia. Avuksi kannattaa ottaa pieni erillinen lisäteholähde, joka tarjoaa energiatehokkaan toiminnan myös laitteen ollessa valmiustilassa. Korkean integraatioasteen hakkuripiiri on valinta, joka säästää myös piirilevyalaa ja materiaalikuluja.
kysyntää erillisille lisäteholähteille, jotka voivat syöttää suhteellisen pieniä, tyypillisesti alle 40 watin DC-tehotasoja vaihtovirtalähteestä.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Gated Oscillator Starts Without Delay
This Idea for Design shows how proper component selection can help reduce startup time for gated oscillators.
https://www.electronicdesign.com/resources/ideas-for-design/article/21140690/gated-oscillator-starts-without-delay?utm_source=EG+ED+Analog+%26+Power+Source&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS200828019&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
Tomi Engdahl says:
Microcontroller Efficiently Converts Sensor Voltage to Current
This MCU-based circuit converts sensor outputs, which are often voltage, into a standard current signal, thus avoiding noise and loss when sending over long lines.
https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/analog/article/21805729/microcontroller-efficiently-converts-sensor-voltage-to-current
When taking measurements from analog sensors located at long distances, voltage drops and noise can affect precision of the readings. Therefore, a voltage-to-current (V/I) module is needed to transmit a current in order to obtain accurate readings. The reason is well-known: According to Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL), the sum of currents entering a node must be equal to the current leaving that node; thus, the sensor’s cable length is irrelevant when transmitting current and further, the low impedance of a current loop minimizes noise pickup in contrast to a voltage signal.
This circuit, based on a PIC microcontroller with a few added components, converts a sensor-based voltage into a 4- to 20-mA current loop.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.edn.com/fan-air-flow-in-cooling-designs-push-or-pull/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/transformerless-power-supply
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://electronicsandrobot.blogspot.com/2020/09/beginner-guide-on-capacitors.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
Researchers Boost Sensor Sensitivity Below Previous Thresholds — by Adding Noise to the Signal
https://www.hackster.io/news/researchers-boost-sensor-sensitivity-below-previous-thresholds-by-adding-noise-to-the-signal-aeeb873d04bb
While noise is normally to be avoided, it can sometimes be of help — including boosting sensor sensitivity to pick up sub-threshold signals.
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.nwengineeringllc.com/article/pdn-impedance-modeling-with-parasitic-extraction-q-a.php
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.edn.com/quickly-estimate-capacitor-dielectric-absorption/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_campaign=link&utm_medium=EDNAnalog-20200910
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.edn.com/configure-multi-sensor-systems-with-a-delta-sigma-adc/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_campaign=link&utm_medium=EDNAnalog-20200910
Tomi Engdahl says:
Power Tips #100: 12 years of power supply design challenges and solutions
https://www.edn.com/power-tips-100-12-years-of-power-supply-design-challenges-and-solutions/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_campaign=link&utm_medium=EDNAnalog-20200910
Tomi Engdahl says:
FET Constant Current Sources in Circuits
https://www.eeweb.com/fet-constant-current-sources-in-circuits/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_campaign=link&utm_medium=EEWebEngInsp-20200910
FET constant current sources use JFETs and MOSFETs to deliver a load current, which remains constant despite changes in load resistance or supply voltage.
A FET constant current source is a type of active circuit that uses a field-effect transistor to supply a constant amount of current to a circuit. Constant current sources and current sinks (the opposite of a current source) are a simple way to form biasing circuits or voltage references with a constant current value — for example, 100 uA, 1 mA, or 20 mA — using a single FET and resistor.
Constant current sources are commonly used in capacitor charging circuits for accurate timing purposes or in rechargeable battery charging applications, as well as linear LED circuits for driving strings of LEDs at a constant brightness. Resistive voltage references can also be formed using constant current sources, because if you know the value of the resistance and the current flowing through it is constant and steady, then you can simply use Ohm’s law to find the voltage drop. However, the key to creating an accurate and reliable constant current source depends on using low transconductance FETs as well as precision resistor values to convert the current into a precise and stable voltage.
The JFET as a constant current source
Then we can see that the N-channel JFET is a normally on device and if VGS is sufficiently negative enough, the drain-source conductive channel closes (cutoff) and the drain current reduces to zero. For the N-channel JFET, the closing of the conductive channel between drain and source is caused by the widening of the p-type depletion region around the gate until it completely closes the channel. N-type depletion regions close the channel for a P-channel JFET.
So by setting the gate-source voltage to some pre-determined fixed negative value, we can cause the JFET to conduct current through its channel at a certain value between zero amperes and IDSS respectively.
The simplest constant current source is with the JEFT’s gate terminal shorted to its source terminal as shown, the JFET’s conductive channel is open so the flow of current through it will be close to its maximum IDSS value due to the JFET being operated in its saturated current region. However, the operation and performance of such a constant current configuration is fairly poor as the JFET is constantly in full conduction with the IDSS current value depending completely on device type.
For example, the 2N36xx or the 2N43xx N-channel JFET series is only a few millamperes (mA), whereas the larger N-channel J2xx or PN4xxx series can be several tens of milliamperes. Also note that IDSS will vary alot between devices of the same part number as manufacturers quote on their data sheets, minimum and maximum values of this zero gate voltage drain current, IDSS.
Tomi Engdahl says:
Configure multi #sensor systems for oil, gas & petroleum #electronics with a delta-sigma #ADC Maxim Integrated
https://buff.ly/3kamj3o
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.hackatronic.com/definition-of-diode-working-and-application/
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://artofelectronics.net/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Smart Low-Frequency Antennas for Army Robots Shrink Their Size Past the Chu-Wheeler Limit
Actively-matched antenna systems offer three times the bandwidth of passive antennas while taking up minimal room.
https://www.hackster.io/news/smart-low-frequency-antennas-for-army-robots-shrink-their-size-past-the-chu-wheeler-limit-10b04a8b06ff
Tomi Engdahl says:
Fan airflow in cooling designs: push or pull?
https://www.edn.com/fan-air-flow-in-cooling-designs-push-or-pull/
Tomi Engdahl says:
12V 5A switched power supply
http://danyk.cz/impulz3_en.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.electroschematics.com/lm7805-voltage-regulator/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Simple technique measures performance of GaN-based power supplies
https://www.edn.com/simple-technique-measures-performance-of-gan-based-power-supplies/
Tomi Engdahl says:
Emitter-Follower Circuits
http://www.pcsilencioso.com/cpemma/ef.html
Tomi Engdahl says:
https://www.instructables.com/id/Electronics-for-Absolute-Beginners-Chapter-2/
In Chapter 2, we will go through:
1. Resistor Color Code
2. Determine Needed Wattage for A Resistor
3. Electronic Test Equipments
4. Basics of Wires
5. The Metric System
6. Electronic Components and Their Schematic Symbols
Tomi Engdahl says:
The Flyback Power-Supply Architecture and Operation
https://www.electronicdesign.com/power-management/power-supply/whitepaper/21808957/the-flyback-powersupply-architecture-and-operation?utm_source=EG+ED+Analog+%26+Power+Source&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=CPS200903028&o_eid=7211D2691390C9R&rdx.ident%5Bpull%5D=omeda%7C7211D2691390C9R&oly_enc_id=7211D2691390C9R
The flyback topology is a versatile, widely used, switched-mode power-supply design with some interesting characteristics that brings performance and BOM advantages to many applications.
Tomi Engdahl says:
DoD Cable and Connector Standards Simplified
U.S. Department of Defense standards don’t suffer from a lack of complexity. The key is how to decipher them.
https://www.electronicdesign.com/industrial-automation/article/21141566/dod-cable-and-connector-standards-simplified
Standards are essential requirements for any industry seeking to eliminate the chaos that would ensue if manufacturers had no defined performance and construction guidelines to follow. For example, although RF and microwave cables, cable assemblies, and connectors aren’t the most complex devices, without standards there would be hundreds if not thousands of incompatible products, with no way to easily compare them. Yet, specifying these products in today’s robust market can still be very confusing, and the goal of this article is to provide basic information about U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) standards related to cables and connectors.
As the DoD has infamously demonstrated, it’s possible to have too much of a good thing when the burden posed by standards effectively creates the chaos they’re intended to eliminate. That is, while standards are essential, it was inevitable that they would grow like weeds until they became so unmanageable that it turned into enormous burden to anyone who had the temerity to use them.
An enormous number of DoD standards remain in place. In fact, the DoD has the most comprehensive requirements of any government agency in the world, and technological advances, market demands, and the emergence of new applications make it essential that these standards be revised, although it typically takes several years to release revisions to a standard.
Perhaps the worst example of this is MIL-HDBK-216, a handbook that covers RF transmission lines and connectors that hasn’t been revised since 1962 (Fig. 1). It was, in fact, eliminated without replacement in 2001, but was subsequently resurrected after a 2016 study determined that such a massive task would be worth the effort. The Electronic Components Industry Association (ECIA) committee CE-2.2 is currently in the process of revising specifications for 50- and 75-Ω rigid coaxial transmission lines and connectors per EIA-RS-225A and EIA-RS-259A. When completed, it’s hoped that the result will serve as a useful guide for the selection and use of RF/microwave connectors and cables.
There are five entirely different types of documents used by the DoD today (see table). Not surprisingly, there are even standards defining how standards must be formatted and how their content must be presented. For MIL-SPECs, this is MIL-STD-961; for MIL-STDs, it is MIL-STD-962; and for handbooks, it is MIL-STD-967.
Tomi Engdahl says:
1-µF MLCC squeezes into 01005 case
https://www.edn.com/1-%C2%B5f-mlcc-squeezes-into-01005-case/?utm_content=buffer0e64b&utm_medium=social&utm_source=edn_facebook&utm_campaign=buffer
Murata Electronics offers a multilayer ceramic chip capacitor (MLCC) that delivers a capacitance value of 1.0 µF in a 01005 package with dimensions of just 0.4×0.2 mm. Designated the GRM022R60G105M, the tiny capacitor has a rated voltage of 4 VDC. Mass production of its 6.3-VDC counterpart will begin in 2021.
These diminutive devices can be used in an extensive range of mobile electronic devices, such as smartphones and wearables. Murata uses thin-layer technology for ceramic elements and thin-sheet formation technology to achieve approximately a 35% reduction in footprint and a 50% reduction in volume ratio compared to the company’s existing products with the same capacitance value (015008 size). In addition, capacity has increased by about 2.1 times compared to Murata’s conventional products of the same 01005 size.
Based on an X5R dielectric, the GRM022R60G105M operates over a temperature range of -55°C to +85°C and has a capacitance change rate of ±15.0%.