The normal way to drive a stepper motor is to use switched-dc voltages to energize the stepper motor coils one by one after each other. But a stepper motor will run off ac lines if you introduce a 90° phase shift between the voltages applied to the motor’s two windings. The extremely simple circuit in →
Differential amplifier approach uses an operational Amplifier. Operational Amplifiers only amplify the difference between the two input lines. This method eliminates common mode noise between the incoming signals by making A-B=C, as only the difference between A & B are amplified. Operational amplifiers is maintain wide bandwidth signals throughout your system while eliminating ground loop →
How much does the components that make a smartphone cost? iSuppli has analyzed over the years the cost of the components to make several cellular phones and other electronics gadgets. Interesting reading always when you get your hand to this material. Nexus One is the new HTC Phone, with a Goggle name on it, with →
There are so many processor options for embedded-system applications that it is easy to miss the perfect fit just because you do not know it even exists. EDN microprocessor/microcontroller directory has kept electronics designers up to date on available microprocessors/microcontrollers for 36 years. You have access a wealth of information on more than 70 vendors →
A modern Audio-Video amplifier/receiver (AVR) is an exceedingly complex piece of consumer electronics, requiring expertise in many aspects of analogue and digital audio and high definition video, plus considerable software skills. ‘The anatomy of a modern audio-video amplifier’ lecture by John Dawson from Arcam for Audio Engineering Society UK is an interesting talk on engineering →
An instrumentation amplifier is a type of differential amplifier that has been outfitted with input buffers, which eliminate the need for input impedance matching and thus make the amplifier particularly suitable for use in measurement and test equipment. The ideal common-mode gain of an instrumentation amplifier is zero, which means that it is a very →
Ground loops affect video signals. Understand them, then deal with them. When designing or installing the cables for a video transmission system, one assumption that engineers commonly make is that the local earth grounds of both ends of the cable are the same. When circumstances don’t support this assumption, the video performance can exhibit gross →
An EE’s Guide to Survival Between Microphone and Voice Coil is an interesting slide set amde by Netherlands´ well known audio engineer Bruno Putzeys and put to web by Hypex Electronics and Grimm Audio. It was presented in AES convention at 2007. It is a very good presentation of the whole audio electronics path from →
Use right ground symbol in your electronics schematics and other drawings. Earth-ground symbol represents a real connection to earth. That connection could be for example 10-foot-high copper-clad steel bar driven into the earth (at your premises or nearby provided by power company) or metal water lines. That earth ground is wired to the neutral of →
Ground loops are a common problem in many experimental setups. A ground loop is an un- wanted closed loop of cables in the setup, most often through the ground system. Those ground loops are often hard to find and debug. A Ground Loop Detector document describes how to build and test a simple system to →