Recent added and changed links at www.ePanorama.net

Links added and changed between Jun 13 2007 and Jan 5 2010

• Piezo device generates buzz, beep, or chime    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/alarm.html)
• Inexpensive LED drives flash-and-beep circuit    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/alarm.html)
• Acoustic FAQ    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audioacoustics.html)
• When Was The Last Time You Heard A Perfect Room? - article on room acoustics in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audioacoustics.html)
• Sound Advice On Teleconferencing Room Acoustics    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audioacoustics.html)
• Renkus-Heinz Schematics    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• HJ-4P Professional headphone distribution box - drives up to 4 headphones from a single amplifier, has volume control and mono switch, product datasheet with circuit diagram in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• HJ-6 Standard headphone distribution box - drives up to 6 headphones from a single amplifier, product datasheet with circuit diagram in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• A hybrid amplifier using a 5687 tube and Magnatec PowerMosFets    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• Phantom Power Supply Circuit - A power supply for adding 48 volt phantom power to microphone preamps    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• AV-1PV Tech Sheet - DI-box with line level and speaker level inputs, with input volume control, data sheet with circuit diagram, pdf file    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• CB-1 Direct Box - unixersal DI-box product which works with guitar and keyboards, product datasheet with circuit diagram in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• DB-1 Direct Box - DI-box with instrument and speaker level inputs, product datasheet with circuit diagram in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• DB-4 Direct Box - four channel DI-box with keyboard or dum machnine inputs, product datasheet with circuit diagram in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• MS-2 Mic Splitter - send signal from one microphone to two mixers, product datasheet with circuit diagram in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• MS-82P Microphone Splitter with Phantom Power Buss - 8 channel microphone splitter which can inject phantom power to microphone, product datasheet with circuit diagram in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• IT-1 Inline 600/600 ohm line transformer - audio signal isolation transformer, product datasheet with circuit diagram in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• IT-4 four channel isolation transformer unit - audio signal isolation transformer, product datasheet with circuit diagram in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• MC-2 Microphone Combiner - product datasheet with circuit diagram in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• Rane MS 1S microphone preamplifier circuit diagram - This is a circuit diagram of a commercial high quality balanced microphone preamplifier. This document is in pdf format.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• Couch Drop: Momentary on/off floor switch for microphones - data sheet with circuit diagram in pdf format, includes no-pop mute function    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• Cough Drop Momentary Muting Switch - This is a product data sheet with circuit diagram in pdf format. This circuit has no-pop mute function.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• Phantom Power Supply Circuit - Here is are simple phantom power supply and T-power supply circuits powered from two 9V batteries.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• Renkus-Heinz Schematics - includes some crossover and speaker controller schematics    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• Teletronix LA-2A Leveling Amplifier - a vacuum tube-type leveling amplifier (more commonly known today as a compressor) for professional audio recording and broadcasting use originally made during the mid to late 1960s    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• Digitally Control Phase Shift - Altering the phase response of a signal without changing its amplitude characteristics is commonly performed using an allpass filter. This circuit implementation is well suited to using digital potentiometers as the controlling element.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• Andrew's S/PDIF Stuff - S/PDIF converter circuits    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• 120 Second Voice Recorder - Record as many messages as you can in this modern, non- volatile, combined audio processing & memory chip from Information Storage Devices    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiocircuits.html)
• White Paper: Digital Audio Distribution Systems - paper examines the suitability of several computer networking technologies to the task of carrying real-time digital audio    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiodigital.html)
• CD Player Laser Diodes - This document give you introduction to lasers used in CD player.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiodigital.html)
• Evaluating New Copy-Prevention Techniques for Audio CDs - Several major record labels are adopting a new family of copy-prevention techniques intended to limit casual copying by compact disc owners using their personal computers. These employ deliberate data errors introduced into discs during manufacturing to cause incompatibility with PCs without affecting ordinary CD players. This article examines three such recordings.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiodigital.html)
• minidisc.org - the MiniDisc community portal    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiodigital.html)
• Audio Networking    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiodigital.html)
• Routing Audio Via Ethernet White Papers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiodigital.html)
• Digital Studio Cable Guide    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiodigital.html)
• The AES/EBU digital audio signal distribution standard - The Audio Engineering Society (AES), together with the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), developed a digital audio transmission standard known as the AES/EBU standard as well as AES-1992, ANSI S.40-1992 or IEC-958. The interface is primarily designed to carry monophonic or stereophonic signals in a studio environment at a 48kHz sampling frequency and with a resolution of 20 or 24 bits per sample.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiodigital.html)
• The AES/EBU Digital Audio Signal Distribution Standard    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiodigital.html)
• New Olympic Stadium Audio System Runs Via Ethernet    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiodigital.html)
• Evaluating New Copy-Prevention Techniques for Audio CDs - Several major record labels are adopting a new family of copy-prevention techniques intended to limit casual copying by compact disc owners using their personal computers. These employ deliberate data errors introduced into discs during manufacturing to cause incompatibility with PCs without affecting ordinary CD players. This article examines three such recordings.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiodigital.html)
• Tubes Versus Transistors - Is There an Audible Difference? - Presented September 14, 1972, at the 43rd Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, New York    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiohifi.html)
• Why Vacuum Tubes?    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiohifi.html)
• When Was The Last Time You Heard A Perfect Room? - pdf document    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiohifi.html)
• A Glossary Of Some Of The Turntable Terms    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiohifi.html)
• Balancing your tonearm    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiohifi.html)
• Why Vacuum Tubes?    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiohifi.html)
• 19 Inch Rack Equipment Dimentional Data as specified by BS5954 and IEC297    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• rec.audio.pro FAQ    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Active Microphone Splitter Application Notes - how dynamic microphone behaves when it's output is splitted to two mixers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• A Simple Guide To Speakers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Impedance Matching for Speakers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Professional Sound Advice - many useful articles    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Rack design requirements for effective air flow - Many professional power are designed around a common 2RU platform and there are no cooling slots on the top and bottom surfaces of the amplifiers so amplifier designed to be stacked to rack can be quite happily stacked on top of each other to minimize vertical rack space. However, there are a few considerations that should be kept in mind when designing racks, to ensure smooth airflow both into and out of the amplifiers, to ensure continued long life and peak performance.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Transformer Tek-Notes - Here you'll find a list of technical notes and information for the transformers used in distributed speaker systems.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• An Audio Level Metering Primer    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Automatic Mic Mixers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• A Concise Guide to Compression and Limiting - On the one hand, musicians are encouraged to give an enthusiastic and dynamic performance, while on the other, their levels must be controlled to some extent, if we are to create musically acceptable mixes. One tool that is vital in helping us to do this is the compressor.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• The Compressor's Secrets - Every studio has one, every engineer uses one, and every popular music recording - almost - dating back to the 1950s and beyond has benefited from one    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Van den Hul Audio and Video Cable/Connector Wiring Diagram for DIY purposes - selection table on wirings for different connections    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Audio Accessories Pinouts - CANNON DL96R (Female), ALESIS ADAT 56-Pin EDAC (Female), DB25 (Sub-D) 25-Pin (Female), SAC38/8 Position (Female), SAC38/12 Position (Female), SAC56 (Female), SAC90 (Female), SAC120 (Female)    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Elco/EDAC Pinout 120 pin    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Elco/EDAC Pinout 90 pin    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Elco/EDAC Pinout 36 pin    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Elco/EDAC Pinout 56 pin    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• EDAC and Elco Audio Connectors - connector technical information, gold plated contact points are rated at 5 amps    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• EDAC/ELCO pinouts - A-DAT, 90 Pin for ADC Propatch, 120 Pin    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Wiring Standards Color Codes - Audio signal wiring typically involves three connections    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Cable Colour Codes - These colour codes are offered as guidance in allocating circuits and investigating existing installations.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Stephen Court and Alan Parson's Sound Check 2 - Audio Test and Demonstration CD    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• DAT-Heads Frequently Asked Qestions Microphone Edition    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Microphones Frequently Asked Questions    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• How to test the performance of a microphone - Normally the manufacturer encloses a product description with the microphone. It is a good idea to read the description carefully and prepare a focussed test of the manufacturer's listed features and of the product specifications. Make sure you are using the product for an appropriate application.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• A Wireless Microphone Primer    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Microphone Technique    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Active Microphone Splitter Application Notes - notes on splitting microphone signal to more than one input    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• DAT-Heads Frequently Asked Qestions Microphone Edition    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Multi-Track Recording    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• The Compressor Secrets - Every studio has one, every engineer uses one, and every popular music recording - almost - dating back to the 1950s and beyond has benefited from one    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Dolby noise reduction system    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiopro.html)
• Principles and Techniques of Speaker Placement    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiospeakers.html)
• S?hk?staattiset kuulokkeet akkuk?ytt?isell? vahvistimella - This document has information on buildign electrostatic headphones and amplifier for them. The language used in this document is Finnish.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiospeakers.html)
• Eminence Designer Demo - This is a "demo" version of the Eminence Designer bass speaker design program. This demo version includes the information for the Eminence Sigma Pro-18 woofer. This is the only driver that can be used in the demo program.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiospeakers.html)
• Understanding Headphone Power Requirements with HC6 - Much confusion abounds regarding headphone power requirements. This RaneNote is intended to disperse some of the mist surrounding headphone specifications and hopefully give you a clearer understanding of how much power is really needed for your application.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiospeakers.html)
• Frequently Asked Questions about Dolby Digital    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiosurround.html)
• Dolby Surround Pro Logic II Decoder Principles of Operation    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiosurround.html)
• Dolby Technical Papers for Professionals    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiosurround.html)
• Surround Sound Past, Present, and Future - A history of multichannel film audio from mag stripe to Dolby Digital.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/audiosurround.html)
• Careful installation critical to trouble-free performance - In an industrial environment, wire and cable have a lot in common with tubing - each is exposed to every industrial "nasty" anyone can think of and each is installed and forgotten until a connector fails.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Plan Ahead to Build the Perfect HMI System - It pays to look at the entire system when designing human-machine interfaces (HMIs). Experts say not to wait until the control system is done to throw together the operator interface. Consider hardware, software, and communications needs before cutting the first purchase order.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• See Clearly into Plant-Floor Applications - Users find benefits in connecting automation to their supply chains. There??s increasing attention being given to the benefits of interconnecting manufacturing to the enterprise.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Controllers balance performance with closed-loop stability - If high-speed response is not required, any continuous process can be controlled easily enough. A feedback controller need only measure the process variable, determine if it has deviated too far from the setpoint, apply the necessary corrective effort, wait to see if the error goes away, and repeat as necessary. This closed-loop control procedure will eventually have the desired effect provided the controller is sufficiently patient. A typical controller will apply a whole series of corrective efforts well before its initial efforts have finished affecting the process.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Understanding PID Control - Familiar examples show how and why proportional-integral-derivative controllers behave the way they do.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Introduction into IEC 61131-2 - Equipment Requirements and Tests - This International Standard specifies requirements and related tests for programmable controllers (PLC) and their associated peripherals which have as their intended use the control and command of machines and industrial processes.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Controller-area network - Controller-area network (CAN or CAN-bus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other within a vehicle without a host computer.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Controller Area Network (CAN) Protocol - The CAN protocol is an international standard defined in the ISO 11898. Beside the CAN protocol itself the conformance test for the CAN protocol is defined in the ISO 16845, which guarantees the interchangeability of the CAN chips.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Controller Area Network (CAN) - CAN (Controller Area Network) is a serial bus system, which was originally developed for automotive applications in the early 1980's. The CAN protocol was internationally standardized in 1993 as ISO 11898-1 and comprises the data link layer of the seven layer ISO/OSI reference model.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Modicon Modbus Protocol Reference Guide PI?MBUS?300 Rev. J    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Modicon Modbus Protocol Reference Guide - This guide is written for the person who will use Modicon Modbus protocols and messages for communication in Modicon programmable controller applications. It describes how messages are constructed, and how transactions take place using Modbus protocol.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Modbus Serial Protocol    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Modbus interface tutorial    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• An Ethernet World Bus Tour - Explore real-world industrial applications to see how Ethernet has become a true world bus    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Ethernet rules closed-loop system - Traditional process control systems have used programmable logic controller (PLC)-based centralized control techniques to implement closed-loop control applications. Packet-based networks with collisions, such as Ethernet, are generally considered too slow and unreliable to safely handle closed-loop control. Use of synchronized clocks in data-driven closed-loop control systems using Ethernet as the field bus is a viable solution.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Introduction to the LonWorks System - LonWorks system manual from Echelon.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• LonWorks Frequently Asked Questions    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/automation.html)
• Using the Multimeter to Measure Voltage and Resistance - Multimeters are commonly used to measure voltage and resistance between two points. Current is rarely measured because you must alter the circuit to measure the current.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/basics.html)
• Filters - examples of very many different filter types, good page for filter design information    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/basics.html)
• Thermal resistance: an oxymoron?    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/basics.html)
• GPL Design Automation Symbol Library - symbol pictures of very many electronics components    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/basics.html)
• Capacitor color codes - in Finnish    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/basics.html)
• Colour Codes for Resistors - To allow for identification, resistors are usually marked with coloured bands (rings). Often refered to as colour codes, these markings are indicative of their resistance, tolerance and temperature coefficient.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/basics.html)
• The Art of Soldering - Soldering is used in nearly every phase of electronic construction. A soldering tool must be hot enough to do the job and lightweight enough for agility and comfort. The secret of good soldering is to use the right amount of heat.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/basics.html)
• How-To: Make a surface mount soldering iron - Modding today's hardware often means moving or removing tiny surface mount components, and using a standard soldering iron feels about as effective as using a hammer to kill a fly. If buying an expensive reflow workstations seems like overkill to overclock your laptop, check out today's How-To where we'll build a simple reflow tool for under $20.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/basics.html)
• Better Soldering - A very good article on soldering from Weller    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/basics.html)
• Fact and Fiction in Lead-free Soldering - The electronics industry?s transition to lead-free soldering has been characterised by misapprehensions about the properties that are important in a lead-free solder and about the consequences for soldering processes and solder joint reliability. In this article the realities that have emerged from the practical implementation of lead-free soldering are reviewed and their implications for alloy selection considered. Particular attention is given to the benefits of replacing tin-lead, which behaves as near perfect eutectic, with lead-free solders that also behave as a eutectic.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/basics.html)
• Mounting and Handling of Semiconductor Devices - application note from Littelfuse    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/basics.html)
• PCB Trace Impedance Calculator - Calculates the characteristic impedance and per-unit-length parameters of typical printed circuit board trace geometries.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/basics.html)
• Car and Deep Cycle lead-acid batteries - Car and Deep Cycle lead-acid battery answers to Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), tips, information, references and hyperlinks are contained on this consumer oriented Web site about car, motorcycle, truck, marine, recreational vehicle starting and deep cycle applications.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/car.html)
• Car Battery Frequently Asked Questions: Manufacturers & Brand Names - Battery manufacturers, distributors, or large chain stores will often private label their batteries. The larger chain stores might have batteries with their private label made by several manufacturers depending on the location to reduce shipping costs. This document has a list in alphabetical order of the largest battery manufacturers, joint ventures, or distributors and some of their brand names, trademarks and private labels.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/car.html)
• How to Jump Start a Dead Car Battery    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/car.html)
• Wiring Your Auxiliary Lamps - This is pretty basic wiring and should be straight forward even if you are starting from scratch    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/car.html)
• Effectronics - The site for do-it-yourself guitar electronic effects building    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/circuitsites.html)
• Delabs electronic circuits archive - over 120 circuits of industrial electronics or instrumentation    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/circuitsites.html)
• DIBs Circats - Schematics of simple circuits in GIF and PDF format: audio circuits, power supply, logic and microprocessor    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/circuitsites.html)
• ElectronicsInfoline.com    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/circuitsites.html)
• Stefan's Electric R/C Web Site - This site is a source of information, projects, and software related to electric powered radio controlled model aircraft.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/circuitsites.html)
• Synthfool Schematics, Service and owners manuals - many musical instrument and effect circuit diagrams    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/circuitsites.html)
• Audiotransformers.net Tek-Notes - Circuits and information for the audio/sound field    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/circuitsites.html)
• LEM - current sensors, voltage sensors, current probes    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies.html)
• WuJin Spike Potentiometer Factory - manufacturer and exporter of carbon potentiometers in China, also dimmer switch manufacturer    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies.html)
• BrandRex - cables, structured cabling systems components    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies.html)
• Marinco Electrical Group - mains plugs and connectors    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies.html)
• Wholesale Electronics - electronic parts and accessories for the communications industry, education, hospitals, amateur radio enthusiasts, hobbyists, engineers, information services and consumer electronics retailers and repair centers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies.html)
• Carlo Gavazzi Suomi - automation, relays    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies.html)
• Shenzhen Qinji Electronics Co., Ltd. - one of the leading printed circuit board suppliers in China    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies.html)
• Lantronix - With XPort? or WiPort? from Lantronix, you can network enable just about any electronic device    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies.html)
• Phoenix Audio - Widely recognized as experts on vintage Neve consoles and modules    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies.html)
• ICP Electronics Australia - industrial PC components    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies.html)
• Rose Electronics - keyboard and monitor switching products    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies.html)
• Firgelli Automations - sell online a huge range of linear Actuators    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies.html)
• Xenpow - light bulbs, xenon flash tubes, metal halide lamps, xenon lamps    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies_light.html)
• Yantai Senke electronic technology Co.,Ltd. - direct current 12V energy-saving lamps    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies_light.html)
• Macostar - lighting controls, dimmers, dimmable electronic ballast    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies_light.html)
• Soundlight PC DMX    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies_light.html)
• MultiMusic DMX Light - light control software designed for the light jockey, who has a computer, and wishes to use a parallel port DMX interface to control his show    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies_light.html)
• DMX Light - intended for lazy light-operator, who has computer    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/companies_light.html)
• Capacitor color codes - in Finnish    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Resistor Color Codes Table and Calculator    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Audio and Op amps circuits - Schematics of simple circuits    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Analog ICs for 3V Systems - Single 3V operation is available for many op amps, comparators, and microprocessor supervisors, and for some RS-232 interface ICs.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Reforming Electrolytic Capacitors - Aluminum electrolytic capacitors can develop internal short-circuits over time. When an aluminum electrolytic capacitor is first manufactured, the internal materials are not ready for use. The capacitor must first go through a process called formation to activate and condition the capacitor. This process generally involves charging the capacitor at very low currents until the rated voltage is reached. The aluminum oxide layer is maintained every time the capacitor is used. The capacitor uses a tiny amount of current called leakage current to maintain its oxide layer. Over time, the aluminum oxide layer can partially or completely dissolve. If a capacitor with a partially or fully dissolved oxide layer is placed into operation, failure can occur. Reforming is a process of rebuilding the oxide insulation layer back to original specification. The easiest way to reform a capacitor is to charge the capacitor to its rated voltage over 12-24 hours. This allows the oxide layer to build up in a uniform manner. This is a very simple process with the instructions given in this page.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• How to read Capacitor Codes - how to read number codes on small plastic film capacitors    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Varnish: The Invisible Insulator    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• How RF Transformers Work    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Leakage Inductance vs. Winding Splits - information on providing specific amount of leakage inductance into tranformer using windong splits, pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Frequently Asked Questions on Audio Transformers - describes transformer impedance, impedance matching, inductance and decibels    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Tek-Notes: Technical notes on audio and power transformers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Audio Transformers Design Philosophy    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• What is Insertion Loss? - The insertion loss of a transformer is simply a measure of the efficiency. It shows how power is consumed by the transformer. The result is the temperature rise, or how hot the transformer gets. The majority of the losses are the DC resistance in the windings. However, the core loss can be quite high if the flux density is great.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• RF BALUNs by Harry Lythall SM0VPO - one of the most important components in of transmitting system is the antenna feeder system    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Transmission Line Transformers - theory, articles and construction details for RF transmission line transformers, check also    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Caging Transformer EMI Still a Key Design Issue - medical and telecom specs demand a quiet electromagnetic setting    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Midcom Technical Note Index - lots of technical notes on telecom transformers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Controlling EMI in Transformers and Switch-Mode Power Supplies    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Winding Rod and Toroidal Transformers - some useful tips    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Transformer Basics    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Transformer Facts Technical Bulletin No.2: International Line Voltages and Frequencies    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Electrical Power Transformers and Inductor Design, Calculation and Theory    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• How do we design a rectifier safety transformer for feed to voltage controllers of 5Vdc,1Adc and 2x12Vdc,0.1Adc with RC-load in accordance with IEC 61 - This is one design example using RALE design problems.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• How should one design a low inrush current universal control transformer for 800VA continuous output power as per IEC 61558 ?    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Specifying the Proper Transformer - international standards governing electronic equipment have specific requirements for transformers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Understanding Transformer Standards at Home and Abroad - standards in USA and Internaltionally    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Ridley Engineering Design Tips - information on transformer measuring and design and also general power supply design    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Isolation Transformers Increase Safety of Electronic Systems    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Isolation Transformer Makes Comeback    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Suppression of Powerline Noise with Isolation Transformers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Electromagnetic transformers - Low-voltage halogen lamps operate at voltages of under 24 V. Safety transformers are isolation transformers for supplying SELV (safety extra low voltage) and PELV (protection extra low voltage) circuits. This document tells what are Not short-circuit proof transformers and Short-circuit proof transformers.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Transformer Application Notes - The technical information laid out in this document should be referred to for correct use of the transformers in various voltage fields.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Signal Transformer Technical Library - application notes and FAQ    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• European Style Transformer Design Equations - a few equations which are useful in transformer design    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Winding Rod and Toroidal Transformers - some useful tips    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• CWS ByteMark Technical Reference Online - lots of information on magnetic materials    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Frequently Asked Questions About Magnetic Materials    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Magnetic & Ferromagnetics Materials - This is a basic introduction to most commonly used Magnetic materials are used in applications such as power supply transformers, audio transformers, AC and RF Filter inductors, broadband and narrow band transformers, damping network, EMI/RFI suppressors.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Relays: solid state versus heavy metal - in many applications, you have the choice between solid-state relays (SSRs) and electromechanical relays (EMRs), this article can help you to make the right choise    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Understanding a relay's operation can prevent trouble down the line - venerable relay has undergone some changes in the past few years and you should understand the operation of these SSRs to get the best performance results.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Relay circuits use reverse hysteresis - take advantage of the disengaging (off) threshold of the standard hysteresis curve    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Circuit drives 9V solenoids from 3V battery    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Simple solenoid driver reduces power and cost - solenoid valves commonly control the flow of low-pressure gases and fluids in biological applications and a typical valve may operate at 12V and draw 1A    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Timer chip makes universal solenoid driver - 556 timer IC allows you to control the ratio of holding current to peak current in a solenoid driver, thereby overcoming the fixed-ratio constraint inherent in available solenoid-driver ICs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Phase Controlling Using Thyristors - White paper in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Consider IGBTs over power MOSFETs at frequencies to 100 kHz - evaluating the performance of IGBTs and high-voltage power MOSFETs for switching applications requires a common set of applications and assumptions    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Transistors of the future: Will diamonds be an engineer's best friend? - electronics industry will have to start developing and using new materials and technologies to keep up with the increasing need for smaller, faster transistors    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• MOSFETs and IGBTs differ in drive methods and protection needs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• How RF Transformers Work    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Self-resetting PTC-polymer devices guard against overcurrent damage - tiny positive-temperature-coefficient resistors made of conductive polymers can often provide cost-effective protection against overcurrents    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• The fuse-selection checklist: a quick update - a fuse-selection checklist now must include the I2t parameter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Proper handling helps make the most of Li-ion batteries - Li-ion batteries pack the most power per unit volume, but excessive charging or discharging can damage or destroy the battery and its surroundings, carefully designed circuits help you avoid such dire outcomes    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Smart-battery technology: power management's missing link - you no longer need to view a battery as a power-generating element whose characteristics are beyond your knowledge and controla    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• PSpice models nickel-metal-hydride cells - nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) battery model accurately predicts the discharge characteristics of an NiMH cell (or groups of cells)    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/componentinfo.html)
• Atari 7800 Mods    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/computer.html)
• GameBoy Development Ring    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/computer.html)
• GameBoy FAQ    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/computer.html)
• The Unofficial Amstrad WWW Resource    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/computer.html)
• Atari 8-Bit Ethernet Cartridge - The Atari 8-bit Ethernet Cartridge is an adaptor that connects a CS8900A 10-base-T LAN Controller to the Atari Cartridge port. The Cartridge adaptor is in development and will allow connection to the EE-100 board from embeddedether.net. The ethernet cart is based on the work already done by some very talented people in the C=64 community. The Software is based on the Contiki and the RS-232 Atari Port already done by Christian Groessler. This port basically adds the CS8900A driver.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/computer.html)
• Eprom Programmer Mark 1 - suitable for occasional home use, without the extra features found on many commercial units, will program the standard 27 family of devices, from 2716 to 27512, and can be used with any computer which has an RS232 serial port    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/computerbuild.html)
• Eprom Programmer Mark 2 - handles 2764, 27128, 27256 and 27512, can be used with any IBM PC compatible computer as the controller and data source    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/computerbuild.html)
• Eprom Emulator by Paul Stenning - originally published in ETI, December 1994    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/computerbuild.html)
• PICMG Specifications Approved and Under Development    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/computerbus.html)
• CompactPCI Short Form Specifications    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/computerbus.html)
• PC/104: an aging beauty - Even though Intel and Microsoft have jointly banned the ISA bus from future desktop computers, ISA-based PC/104 embedded products show steady growth    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/computerbus.html)
• Micro Combicon Information    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/connectors.html)
• North American Cords    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/connectors.html)
• NEMA Plug & Receptacle Configurations - This document has information on mains connectors wirings used in USA.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/connectors.html)
• International Standardized Appliance Connectors IEC-320 - pictures and ratings for connectors used in many appliances    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/connectors.html)
• International Power Cords    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/connectors.html)
• Temperature programmer uses digital control - digitally controllable circuit useful for precise, repetitive temperature control of small-volume objects, generates no RFI and controls mains load    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/controlling.html)
• Temperature controller drives Peltier cooler    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/controlling.html)
• Controller provides closed-loop temperature regulation    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/controlling.html)
• Introduction to digital electronics    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/digital.html)
• Alt.Music.Makers.DJ FAQ    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/dj.html)
• Copyright FAQ    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/dj.html)
• Adaptyv DSP links - lots of signal processing links    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/dsp.html)
• DSP filters tutorials, examples, overviews    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/dsp.html)
• How Dolby Stereo (aka Dolby Surround) works    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/dsp.html)
• FIR filter Design by Windowing    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/dsp.html)
• How Dolby Stereo (aka Dolby Surround) works - and how to make your own surround sounds using your soundcard    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/dsp.html)
• Stereo vision based mapping and navigation for mobile robots    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/dsp.html)
• Digital Signal Processing for Ham Radio    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/dsp.html)
• Web servers in embedded systems enhance user interaction - embedded system can mimic a Web page, the system can leverage all the capability of the Internet    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/embedded.html)
• IPic - A Match Head Sized Web-Server - This is propably the world's tiniest implementation of a TCP/IP stack and a HTTP web-server based on a PIC 12C509A, in a tiny 8-pin SO8 package. The iPic web-server is connected directly to a router running SLIP at 115200bps.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/embedded.html)
• XAPP052: Efficient Shift Registers, LFSR Counters and Long Pseudo-Random Sequence Generators - FPGA application note from Xilinx in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• DSP design tools target FPGAs - fast DSP algorithms demand a hardware implementation    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Fastand flexible: FIR filters in reconfigurable logic - reconfigurable logic lets you implement DSP functions in hardware, providing a mix of speed and design flexibility that isn't available in DSPs or mask-programmed ASICs, filter design tools make design tasks easy    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• In-system programmable logic simplifies prototyping to production - changing a programmable device so that it can be programmed in a system after the device is mounted on a pc board benefits prototype development, manufacturing, and field support    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Program ICs in your system via IEEE 1149.1 and enjoy the benefits throughout the system's life    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• You need little more than a PC to test and program IEEE-1149.1-compliant ICs - if the products youre testing support boundary scan, expensive testers and extra equipment may even be unnecessary in production, you just need a simple adapter between your card and your PC    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Asynchronous circuit divides frequency by 1.5    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Counter provides divide-by-4.5 function - some VHDL code, a 9-bit shift register, and some OR gates produce a divide-by-4.5 circuit, you can can adapt the concept for other noninteger dividers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Delay line implements clock doubler - using a 5-nsec delay unit, a 50- MHz, 50% duty-cycle square-wave input produces a 100-MHz, 50% duty-cycle output clock    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Careful PCB Layout Enhances Onboard Programming - PCB design techniques that can help you effectively employ onboard programming to speed the production and test of products containing complex programmable-logic devices    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Decoder safely drives data-bus buffer - a common way of implementing an I/O decoder for the ISA (or similar) bus    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Distributed-DMA techniques allow easy migration from the ISA bus to the PCI bus - a technique using distributed DMA offers upward compatibility for ISA-legacy devices in PCI-bus systems and provides a vast improvement in performance    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• FPGA memory controller links embedded ?P to cache-enhanced DRAM    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Shared-memory interface eliminates arbitration    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Use a CPLD to implement an SDRAM controller - SDRAM-controller designs need not be especially difficult    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• FPGA circuit emulates 74X74 flip-flop    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Integers out of sorts? Program an FPGA to put them in order - designing integer-sort algorithms into FPGAs isn't as difficult as you might think    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• VGA Generator that displays an image in the XS Board RAM on a VGA monitor - example of using Virtex series FPGA to generate VGA signals    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Getting a handle on HDLs - Programmable-logic chips and designs are growing more complex. As a result, you?ll sooner or later need to add HDL expertise to your skills if you want to keep hitting those project deadlines. For this Hands-On Project, I learn VHDL, complete a mixed logic and embedded-memory design in an FPGA, and share observations along the way.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• Interfacing HDLs with conventional programming languages - programming languages that interface with HDL models facilitate hardware/software codesign    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• HDL basic training: top-down chip design using Verilog and VHDL    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• VHDL and Verilog fundamentals--expressions, operands, and operators - data objects in VHDL and Verilog form expression operands, knowing the operand differences between the two HDLs helps you write more efficient chip-design code    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• VHDL and Verilog fundamentals--design entities, data types, and data objects    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• HDL basic training: top-down chip design using Verilog and VHDL    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• VHDL and Verilog fundamentals--expressions, operands, and operators - data objects in VHDL and Verilog form expression operands, knowing the operand differences between the two HDLs helps you write more efficient chip-design code    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• VHDL and Verilog fundamentals--design entities, data types, and data objects    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fpga.html)
• xkcd    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fun.html)
• Engineering Humor    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/fun.html)
• Engineers Embrace CompactPCI - rugged, high-performance CompactPCI and its instrumentation extension PXI are attracting many system developers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/industrial.html)
• PC/104: an aging beauty - Even though Intel and Microsoft have jointly banned the ISA bus from future desktop computers, ISA-based PC/104 embedded products show steady growth    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/industrial.html)
• Two Station Intercom - This pdf file described Oztronics Kit 21: Two Station Intercom.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/intercom.html)
• History of the Internet - Ever wonder how the internet came about?    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/ip.html)
• Linux CMU SNMP Project    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/ip.html)
• An Architectural Overview of UNIX Network Security - UNIX network security architecture based on the Internet connectivity model and Firewall approach to implementing security    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/ip.html)
• Linux iptables HOWTO - describes how to use iptables to filter out bad packets for Linux kernels 2.3.15 and beyond    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/ip.html)
• Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) Overview    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/ip.html)
• The interaction of the TCP flow control procedure in end nodes on the proposed flow control mechanism for use in IEEE 802.3 switches    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/ip.html)
• Measure VoIP Networks for Jitter and Loss - IP networks are not as reliable as the phone network, so they require testing for call setup, voice quality, and packet analysis    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/ip.html)
• IrDA-protocol IR links make 35-fold leap in data-transfer speed - high-speed wireless transfers promise to make mobile computing easy    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/irda.html)
• Remote Control Extender Mk1 - Originally published in Electronics in Action, January 1994    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/irremote.html)
• Remote Control Extender Mk2 - Originally published in Electronics and Beyond (The Maplin Magazine), February 1997    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/irremote.html)
• Remote Control Lighting - IR transmitter, receiver, switch and light dimmer    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/irremote.html)
• Laser Helpers - lots of helpful laser related information and formulas    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/laser.html)
• Optical components and designs for laser projection systems    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/laser.html)
• Galvanometer    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/laser.html)
• Laser Show Technology    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/laser.html)
• CD Player Laser Diodes - This document give you introduction to lasers used in CD player.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/laser.html)
• Laser-diode driver stabilizes sensitivity parameters - stable laser-diode driver with an optional modulation-input facility    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/laser.html)
• Ideas for controlling laser beam movement    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/laser.html)
• Tietoa valaistuksesta - information on lighting in Finnish    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Choosing a Domestic Dimming Product    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Opastus- ja turvavaloj?rjestelm?t - text in Finnish    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Tietoa valaistuksesta - basic information in Finnish    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Stage lighting basics - This document is meant as a barebones introduction to stage lighting aimed at very small live music venues.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Stage Lighing Introduction    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• 12-Circuit Pin-out - The standard wiring of 12-circuit cables using "Pyle" type 37-pin, 20 Amp connectors.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• 6-Circuit Connector Pinout - The standard wiring of 6-circuit cables using 19 pin Socapex compatible connectors.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Ampacity Ratings for Feeder Cable - as used in USA    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Current carrying capacities of Multicables - Ampacity of Listed Extra-Hard Usage Cords and Cables with Temperature Ratings of 75?C (167?F) and 90? (194?F)* From 1999 NEC Table 520-44    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Powerlock - Powerlock is a single pole electrical connector that has been specifically designed for use in the entertainment industry. It offers peace of mind, by taking the risk out of supplying the high loads required for today's lighting & sound systems.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• So you want to be a Master Electrician - guide to help you out in solving problems before they come up    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Smoke and Smoke Effects Safety Requrements at BBC    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Black Light Basics - The many styles and sizes of black lights that are available often make people confused. Hopefully the text on these pages, which was compiled from a number of sources, will answer many of the most common questions regarding Black Light.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Notes on bulb savers - Stay away from bulb savers, green plugs, and other similar products claiming huge energy reduction. Your realized savings for these products will rarely approach the advertised claims and you risk damage to your appliances with some of these.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Black Light Basics - The many styles and sizes of black lights that are available often make people confused. Hopefully the text on these pages, which was compiled from a number of sources, will answer many of the most common questions regarding Black Light.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Switching regulator controls CCFT - you can control the current in a cold-cathode fluorescent tube (CCFT) and, hence, its brightness with a switching-regulator IC    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Phase Control Using Thyristors - application note    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Phase Controlling Using Thyristors - White paper in pdf format.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• 1200 Watt Lamp Dimmer Circuit - This circuit is a lamp dimmer circuit that is capable of controlling up to 1200 Watts of load powered from 220VAC source.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Basic Lamp Dimmer - Lamp dimmers using traics can be quite simple, nothing more than a potentiometer, resistor, capacitor and triac with a built-in diac. This circuit is similar to designs using unijunction transistors to generate the triggering pulse. The basic circuit is designed to be controller using a potentiometer, but the article has also information how to adapt this circuit to do controlling using external control voltage.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Remote Control Lighting - up to four channels of light dimmers to be remotely controlled with IR remote    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Basic Lamp Dimmer - Lamp dimmers using traics can be quite simple, nothing more than a potentiometer, resistor, capacitor and triac with a built-in diac. This circuit is similar to designs using unijunction transistors to generate the triggering pulse. The basic circuit is designed to be controller using a potentiometer, but the article has also information how to adapt this circuit to do controlling using external control voltage.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• ?C implements pushbutton light dimmer - circuit design idea from    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Remote Control Lighting - Originally published by Paul Stenning in Electronics and Beyond (The Maplin Magazine), November 1996.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Circuits provide 4- to 20-mA PWM control - are useful when you use 4- to 20-mA current-loop signals to control a PWM signal    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Thyristors used as AC static switches and relays - application note    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Transformer driver controls bidirectional switch - you can use a transformer-driver IC to simply control a MOSFET on/off switch    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Thyristors Used as AC Static Switches - application note    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Open DMX project - The open DMX projects goal is to produce a low cost USB-DMX control unit under a GPL license.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• DMX 512 WinAmp Light Show - Synchronize your DMX-512 controlled lighting system with music played with WinAmp    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Solid-state flasher has short-circuit protection - switches an inductive or resistive grounded load using a bootstrapped n-channel power MOSFET and features short-circuit, reverse-polarity, and transient-input-voltage-spike protection, operates from 18 to 30V DC, and the circuit can handle as much as approximately 10A with proper heat sinking of the FET    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• 12V DC Xenon Flasher - This Kit builds the circuit to trigger a high voltage xenon flashtube using a 12V DC input from a power supply. The flash rate can be varied between 1 and 2 flashes per second using an onboard potentiometer. Component changes can move the flash rate range faster or slower.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Alternating LED flasher uses minimal parts - a pair of alternating flashing LEDs makes an excellent visual alarm, this alternating LED flasher is based on one LED with built-in flasing function and two transistors driving the other normal LED    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/lights.html)
• Portable Design Magazine - an engineering solutions-based publication dedicated to solving the unique set of problems common in the design of all portable products    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/magazine.html)
• Audio Ideas Guide - Canadian audio magazine    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/magazine.html)
• American Cinematographer    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/magazine.html)
• Fundamentals of Signal Analysis - document in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Digital oscilloscopes: For best results, understand how they work - if you don't appreciate the complex operations that produce them, the displays can mislead you, resulting in costly errors in buying scopes    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• DSO Displays: Almost as Good as Analog - with color and intensity gradients, the displays in new digital scopes nearly emulate those of analog models    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Measure a Disk-Drive's Read Channel Signals - analog and digital measurements in the channel reflect a drive's storage capacity and data throughput    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Scopes Need Frequency Response Checks - a test of a scope's high-frequency response is part of the calibration process    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• The Museum of Tek Scopes - Welcome to the Museum of old Tektronix Scopes. These pages give information on and images of old Tek scopes up to about 1970.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• The Tektronix 453 Oscilloscope - A technical picture essay of the classic Tektronix 453 Analog Oscilloscope. Lots of pictures, descriptions of the various parts of the scope, and some troubleshooting information, too. Links to other sites dealing with the Tek 453.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Use your DSO to measure elusive waveform variations - time you spend learning about the instrument's performance details can help you to spot waveform anomalies that you never suspected    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Modified oscilloscope probe tests surface-mount assemblies - small sizes and pad areas of surface-mount components make them difficult to probe but this simple tip helps it.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Scope probe measures high frequencies - measuring clocks and critical signals accurately is often inconvenient and hard to do accurately with normal 10? probes, this article describes 100? probe that is easy to make and use, has a high bandwidth, and has a small (less than 1 pF) input capacitance    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Sniffer probe locates sources of EMI - this miniature special probe and an oscilloscope can help to locate and identify magnetic-field sources of EMI    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• The Museum of Tek Scopes - pages give information on and images of old Tek scopes up to about 1970    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• PC instrumentation through the ages - Events beyond technology helped shape the way engineers use computers to automate measurements. This article tells what has heppened in this field.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Time-domain reflectometer - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Application notes and published papers from Radiodetection Canada - Very many cable fault locating documents.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Radiodetection / BicoTest Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) Electrical Industry Fault Locating Techniques - This is introduction to one particular TDR model. This document includes good TDR trace example pictures.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• TDR method of Fault Locating    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Understanding TDRs - TDR Training Presentation    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Application notes and published papers from Riserbond - Very many cable fault locating documents.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Cable tester is fast and cheap - This simple microcontroller based cable tester verifies the correct wiring of the cable, up to 8 conductor cables.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• VHF/UHF Prescaler - This prescaler is ridiculously simple. It consists of just one IC, a TV tuner prescaler, the Philips SAB6456A, which can divide by 64 or by 256. The device sensitivity is about 10mV RMS over the range 70 - 1000 Mhz, and the output is typically 1V p-p. The input resistance varies from 560 down to 30 Ohms, and the input capacitance, excluding the PCB, no more than 5pF.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Got the Time? An Introduction to Time Measurements - undestanding instrument basics can help you improve your time measurements    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Notch Filter Extends Spectrum-Analyzer Range - you dont necessarily need specialized, expensive equipment to measure total harmonic distortion of todays high-performance audio devices    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Signal Tracer and Injector - Do you want to do a little troubleshooting on broken down electronic devices? If you do you will need a good signal tracer, a device capable of amplifing minute amounts of audio to a point where they can be "read out" on a pair of monitoring headphones. Such a gadget is shown in the accompanying schematic.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Mixed-signal algorithm tests transducers - simple test procedure allows you to measure damping coefficient beta in electromechanical transducers, such as speakers, microphones, and seismic geophones    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Take Good Care of Your RF Calibration Kits - you'll get more reliable measurements and get longer life from the calibration devices    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Troubleshoot RF Immunity Problems - simple techniques can uncover sensitive circuits    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• KA8MAV RF Probe - This is a very simple RF probe circuit    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Pi and T Network Resistive Attenuation Calculator    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Matching 75 Ohms to 50 Ohms - The easiest way is to use resistors. A two way matching network uses a 43.3 ohm and 86.6ohm resistors.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Temperature sensor doesn't discharge battery - active temperature sensor in the rechargeable battery pack does not drain the battery, and it needs only one terminal for its power-supply input and temperature output, output suitable to be connected to a microcontroller    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Transistor forms RS-232C digital thermometer - an ordinary transistor can serve as an uncalibrated temperature sensor for an accurate, PC-compatible thermometer    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Program converts temperature from RTD sensor - platinum resistance-temperature-detector (RTD) sensor provides an accurate means of obtaining temperature readings but has nonlinear resistance-vs-temperature characteristic; therefore, for accurate measurements, you must calibrate the sensor and use a table of resistance vs temperature to get the right results out    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Tradeoffs in Selecting IC Temperature Sensors - A discussion of IC temperature sensors has become timely and important because electronic systems are increasingly dense, power-hungry, and hot. Temperature sensors also have a lot of gadget appeal. Many ICs perform highly abstract functions.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Oscillators convert temperature to time - simple arrangement of active-R oscillators accurately converts temperature into time    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• High-speed rectifier uses no diodes - a high-speed, full-wave rectifier-or absolute-value circuit-that uses a high-speed clamping amplifier    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• RMS-to-dc converter is accurate and stable - combining the well-known true rms-to-dc circuit with a simple S/H circuit eliminates offset errors, which increases accuracy and temperature stability    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• RMS Values and Measurement - This document tries to help alleviate confusion about measurement of RMS (Root Mean Square) values of AC voltage. The typical multi-meter is not a True RMS reading meter. As a result it will only produce misleading voltage readings when trying to measure anything other than a DC signal or sine wave.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Simple circuit detects voltage overranges - a visual indication of whether a sensed voltage is above or below its nominal value, provides different-color indications if the sensed voltage is above or below the preset value    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Ultra-simple Voltage Probe - This circuit detects 1.8 to 220 Volts DC or AC with minimum parts counting. This circuit is based on two LEDs and one lamp. Due to the lamp's filament behaviour, any voltage in the 1.8 to 220 Volts range can be detected without changing component values.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Two sensors measure three line currents - allows you to measure all three line currents in a three-phase system    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Using Rogowski coils for transient current measurements - In recent years the Rogowski-coil method of measuring electric current has developed from a ?laboratory curiosity to a versatile measuring system with many applications throughout industry and in research.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Using Rogowski coils for transient current measurements - In recent years the Rogowski-coil method of measuring electric current has developed from a "laboratory curiosity" to a versatile measuring system with many applications throughout industry and in research. The technique possesses many features which offer an advantage over iron-cored current measuring devices and these are well illustrated by considering how it can be used for measuring transient currents The paper describes the principle of operation of Rogowski coils and the practical aspects of using them and gives several examples of their use in making transient measurements.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• 21st CENTURY CURRENT SENSORS (feature) - It is in the interests of both provider and consumer that the electrical energy supplied is metered accurately - no-one wants to be overcharged and no utility wants to supply free electricity. But metering technologies have been the Cinderellas of energy infrastructure - they work hard as cash registers for the utilities, using electromechanical designs which have altered little for the past 30 years. However, the utility market is changing, and as the cost of digital microelectronic devices comes down, the opportunities offered by solid-state meters are looking increasingly attractive for more intelligent metering systems.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Make a low-cost benchtop power meter - with a few inexpensive ICs and passive components, you can easily make a multirange power meter suitable for use on your benchtop    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Digital position encoder does away with ADC - converts the change in resistance of a potentiometer into a digital value without using an expensive A/D converter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Adapt silicon pressure sensors to low ranges to reach mass market - silicon piezoresistive pressure sensors convey such measurements as pump-water or blood pressure in industrial and medical applications    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Simple technique measures small capacitance - simple circuit to measure capacitances in picofarad range    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Impulse-response testing lets a single test do the work of thousands - measuring a system's gain and phase vs frequency need not be time-consuming; an FFT calculation based on the system's response to a single impulse provides the same information    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Bus-request signal generates logic waveforms - this circuit generates 16-bit logic sequences with a resolution of 100 nsec    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Circuit adapts signals for visual perception - it is often advantageous to obtain a visual display of the activity of a digital logic signal    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Probing the heart of PC motherboards - information on measuring PC motherboards    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Simple logic probe uses bicolor LED - probe can measure high, low, and high-impedance logic states, in addition to indicating switching logic states    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Metal detector uses single IC - circuit uses a beat-frequency technique to detect coins and other metal objects near the search coil    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Investigate System-Level ESD Problems - information on ESD measurements    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Simple ESD gun tests IC - you can use this simple ESD-test gun to test the effects of ESD through sensitive ICs, based in piezo-electric type kitchen gas lighter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Build a Magnetic Field Immunity Tester - a precompliance test system can help you determine whether your products comply with standards such as the CE Marking    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Electromagnetic sensors put a spin on compasses - determining direction using the earth's weak magnetic field entails the use of clever magnetic techniques and devices    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Signal conditioning precisely indicates humidity - translates the level of humidity from 0 to 100% into a stable, respective dc signal of 0 to 100 mV    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Ethernet 10BaseT simulator jig yields zero emissions - tool to evaluate emissions from Ethernet unshielded-twisted-pair (UTP) 10BaseT LAN-interface devices without contaminating the measured results with its own RF emissions, this cirucit generates 10BaseT equipment link test pulses without RF emissions so that 10BaseT equipment will keep sending data    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Beware of under- or overspecifying your next sensor - to choose the best photoelectric sensor for your application, you need to consider a number of criteria, including sensor configuration; environment; and the placement, nature, and speed of the target    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Fight Corruption, perserve purity with ANALOG-SIGNAL isolation - analog-signal isolation can dramatically reduce noise and artifacts that corrupt sensitive measurements    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Designing amplifiers for sensor applications: a cookbook approach - a step-by-step design procedure eases the design of a sensor's signal-conditioning differential amplifier    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Home-brewed circuits tailor sensor outputs to specialized needs - use an untrimmed unit and customize it with a signal conditioner based on two or three op amps to get specially trimmed customized sensors    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• ?C uses simple tool for angle measurements - uses a 2V, 2250-Hz resolver as an angle sensor and provides up to 11 bits resolution for angle measurements    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Testing the telephony interface - when you are interfacing to a standard telephone line with voice, data, or fax signals, you need to support signaling protocols and provide acceptable connected performance so you need suitable test instruments for it    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• The right test equipment simplifies measuring BER in burst-mode systems - without the right equipment, experimentally verifying burst-mode receiver designs can be difficult    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Adapt silicon pressure sensors to low ranges to reach mass market - silicon piezoresistive pressure sensors convey such measurements as pump-water or blood pressure in industrial and medical applications    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Circuit tests power-outage susceptibility - you can use this simple circuit to test the effects of brief power outages on equipment    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Self-heated transistor digitizes airflow - sensitive and reliable way to measure airflow    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Transistor and FVCs make linear anemometer - This is a simple flow-to-frequency transducer that easily fits into mP-based measurement systems.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Transistor trio makes vector anemometer - This is an advanced airspeed-to-frequency converter circuit.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Build a Magnetic Field Immunity Tester - A precompliance test system can help you determine whether your products comply with standards such as the CE Marking.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Machine vibration activates hour meter - an IC and a piezoelectric device sense machine vibration to turn a battery-powered hour meter on and off    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• MDAC makes digital-to-inductance converter - provides programmable simulated inductance with 8-bit resolution, without the use of inductive components    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Network forms digital-to-impedance converter - capacitive-ladder (C-2C) D/A converter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Simple method measures duty cycle - interesting alternative approach to traditional method is to take random samples of the digital input signal    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Simple phase meter operates to 10 MHz    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Single chip brings built-in test to analog designs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• Simulate signals for telecomm tests - miniature gadget that is helpful in telecommunication applications signal pattern generation    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/measuring.html)
• CompactFlash Specification Download    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/memory.html)
• Pushbutton switch controls power supply and ?C - switching handheld units on and off with a pushbutton switch is a desirable feature but needs some thinking    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/microprocessor.html)
• ?C-based one-shot has wide range - ?C-based, digitally programmable, monostable multivibrator based on PIC16C54    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/microprocessor.html)
• Minimized PIC16C84 Programmer - connects to PC parallel port    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/microprocessor.html)
• The Basic Stamp - an Overview    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/microprocessor.html)
• PowerPC Microprocessor Family: The Programming Environments for 32-Bit Microprocessors - The primary objective of this manual is to help programmers provide software that is compatible across the family of 32-bit PowerPC processors.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/microprocessor.html)
• PC printer port programs AT89C51 - simple PC printer-port interface programmer can program an Atmel AT89C51 flash-based microcontroller    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/microprocessor.html)
• An Inexpensive X-ray Machine - This document describes how to make a small X-ray machine from an old radio tube, some copper wire, and other inexpensive materials. Warning: Playing carelessly with X-rays can be very dangerous to your health.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/misc.html)
• Barry's Magnetic Levitation    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/misc.html)
• Fun Things to Do with Microwave Ovens    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/misc.html)
• How to Build Home Made Laser Power Output Meter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/misc.html)
• How to Build Home Made Spectroscope - Find a cardboard box - a shoe-box would be fine but maybe a little big. Select a CD (a blank re-writable would be fine) Mount it on the bottom of the box, leaning up against a side at about 45 degrees. And you have a simple spectroscope.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/misc.html)
• Unwise Microwave Oven Experiments    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/misc.html)
• Fluorescent tube in a Microwave - video on the experiment    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/misc.html)
• How copier works    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/misc.html)
• Phase Converters - use one phase power to run three phase motor    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/motorcontrol.html)
• Boost converter controls 12V fan from 5V supply - temperature-controlled PWM boost converter allows operation of a 12V brushless dc fan from a 5V supply    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/motorcontrol.html)
• Circuits provide 4- to 20-mA PWM control - are useful when you use 4- to 20-mA current-loop signals to control a PWM signal    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/motorcontrol.html)
• Fan controller adapts to system temperature    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/motorcontrol.html)
• PCB Drill Controller - uses a Pulse-Width-Modulation technique with current feedback to keep the speed of cheap 12V PCB drills more constant    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/motorcontrol.html)
• Simple ?C acts as dedicated motor control - PIC16C84 circuit accepts control words from an 8-bit digital bus and controls motor    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/motorcontrol.html)
• Understand Stepper Parameters Before Making Measurements - torque, accuracy, and resolution are the key specs highlighting stepper-motor performance    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/motorcontrol.html)
• Rotary controller positions stepping motor - uses a servo potentiometer to provide the necessary drive pulses for a stepping motor    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/motorcontrol.html)
• Circuit controls isolated 12V stepper motor - allows full direction and step control of a 12V, four-phase stepper motor from a 5V, TTL/CMOS-compatible logic controller    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/motorcontrol.html)
• Circuit controls slew for stepper drive - slewing control for stepper motors that you use in sophisticated applications, such as monochromator movements in optical experiments    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/motorcontrol.html)
• RS-232C line-driver IC drives power MOSFETs - easy to effect an interface between power MOSFETs and TTL circuits    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/motorcontrol.html)
• Precharged capacitor ensures high-side start-up - when you use a high-voltage bridge driver, such as the IR2110 or the newer IR2155, a complete driver circuit can exhibit erratic behavior when you apply power if it is designed exactly right    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/motorcontrol.html)
• Outline of the Standard MIDI File Structure    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/music.html)
• Usenet Death Penalty - Usenet is a cooperative anarchy, in which cooperation with the other sites participating is an unwritten rule. A UDP, or Usenet Death Penalty, is a means by which site administrators and others around the world attempt to enforce the cooperative nature of usenet on an uncooperative member of that community. An Active UDP is one in which every message posted to usenet by the offending site is canceled or failed to be propagated.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/newsgroups.html)
• Nyysiopas - T?m? opas kertoo nyysien (Usenet news, "newsit") k?yt?st? sek? tekniselt? kannalta ett? viestinn?n v?lineen?. Se pyrkii esimerkiksi kertomaan, miten nyysij?rjestelm? toimii, miten nyysej? luetaan ja kirjoitetaan, miten voi l?yt?? vanhojakin artikkeleita, mit? ovat fakit (FAQ:t), mit? virheit? kannattaa v?ltt?? nyysien k?yt?ss? jne.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/newsgroups.html)
• Parts Express Technical Talk - speaker building    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/newsgroups.html)
• Basic Optical Effects Limit Image Quality - monocromatic aberrations can limit the quality of microscope images    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• OSHA Technical Manual on Laser Hazards    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• Attenuation and Dispersion in Fiber Optics    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• FIBER Vs COPPER: Sometimes it's not an easy choice - choosing between fiber-optic and copper interconnect systems is sometimes difficult, entailing considerations of distance, cost, required bandwidth, and specialized expertise    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• Control frequency response and noise in broadband, photodetector, transimpedance amplifiers - converting the current output of a wideband photodetector to a voltage, minimizing noise, and achieving the desired frequency response can tax the patience of even an experienced designer    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• Circuit optimizes phototransistor bandwidth - a simple circuit can improve the dynamic performance of a phototransistor for use in low- to medium-speed applications as fast as 100 kbps, such as optical isolation of an RS-232C serial line    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• How to Build Home Made Spectroscope - Find a cardboard box - a shoe-box would be fine but maybe a little big. Select a CD (a blank re-writable would be fine) Mount it on the bottom of the box, leaning up against a side at about 45 degrees. And you have a simple spectroscope.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• LED application notes: LED Lamp Soldering - This document lists precautions that should be observed when soldering lead type and SMD type LED lamps.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• LED application notes: LED reliability - The luminous intensity of LED lamps characteristically declines slowly with use. Select LED lamps according to the level of reliability require in the equipment in which they will be used.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• Laser-diode driver stabilizes sensitivity parameters - stable laser-diode driver with an optional modulation-input facility    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• Applications of Optocouplers - Siemens Appnote 2    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• Audio switchign applications for resistive optocouplers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• Circuit optimizes phototransistor bandwidth - a simple circuit can improve the dynamic performance of a phototransistor for use in low- to medium-speed applications as fast as 100 kbps, such as optical isolation of an RS-232C serial line    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/opto.html)
• CMOS RC circuits - includes CMOS 555 timer clock oscillator and schmitt-trigger RC oscillator    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Microcontroller Oscillator Circuit Design Considerations - The heartbeat of every microcontroller design is the oscillator circuit. Most designs that demand precise timing over a wide temperature range use a crystal oscillator. The objective of this document is to develop a systematic approach to good oscillator design and to point out some common pitfalls.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Crystal oscillator overcomes typical drawbacks - drive heavy loads, the duty cycle is adjustable from 25 to 75%; and feedback minimizes the drift    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Current-feedback amp yields simple oscillator - handful of components configures a current-feedback op amp as a large-amplitude sine-wave oscillator with independent adjustment of amplitude and frequency    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Gates provide low-cost sine-wave generator - simple device to generate 300 to 4000 Hz test signals    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Op-amp oscillators simplify RF designs - a novel circuit that uses a low-cost, high-speed op amp as a crystal-controlled RF sine-wave oscillator    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Simple circuit generates clean sine waves - technique for generating a high-quality sine wave from a square-wave source    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Voltage controls sine-wave frequency - generates a 50-Hz to 1-kHz sinusoidal waveform that exhibits lower than 60-dB THD    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Circuits provide 4- to 20-mA PWM control - are useful when you use 4- to 20-mA current-loop signals to control a PWM signal    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• AVR Signal Generator - An audio signal generator and sweep generator with wide range, high accuracy and great versatility.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Oscillators convert temperature to time - simple arrangement of active-R oscillators can generate an excellent triangular waveform    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Programmable ramp generator has 14-bit linearity - this linear ramp generator uses a DAC, a transistor array, MOSFET switches, and current-steering techniques to achieve 14-bit linearity    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Scheme yields frequency-locked triangle waves - circuit generates frequency-locked triangle waves of constant amplitude, uses readily available TTL and other older-technology parts    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Circuit forms clockless, programmable one-shot - replace the timing resistor on a 74LS123 one-shot with a Howland current pump, drive the pump with a rail-to-rail voltage-output DAC, and you have a programmable one-shot with some unique features: single-supply operation, no clock required, a 25-to-1 pulse with adjustment range, and an "infinite" pulse-width capability    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Slow op amp makes fast multivibrator - improved version of classic one-shot multivibrator using an op amp, example circuit generates a pulse of approximately 700-?sec width with a 5-nsec, 2V triggering pulse    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Pink Noise Generator (Flicker Noise) - This is an implementation of a flicker noise generator described in NBS technical note #604, "Efficient Numerical and Analog Modeling of Flicker Noise Processes" by J.A. Barnes and Stephen Jarvis, Jr. Unlike circuits employing zeners, reverse-biased transistors, and other noisy devices, this circuit gives a predictable and repeatable output level.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Pink Noise Generator for Audio Testing    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Pink Noise Generator    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Inverting latches make simple VCO - simple VCO circuit which is synthesized from inverting latch stages and is tunable to an integer multiple of the input frequency by selecting which output phases feed back to the input multiplexer, suitable to be usable as on-chip clock multiplication in ASICs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• One-shot remembers input-pulse width    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Pulse discriminator excises narrow pulses - circuit deletes narrow pulses from fixed-frequency PWM waveforms    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Pulse-width trimmer outdoes one-shots - trims the trailing portion of a large-width input pulse to a size as narrow as 10 nsec irrespective of the input-pulse width, circuit doesn't require a capacitor to generate the timing pulse    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Logic IC yields simple, wide-range timer - you can use a 4060B binary counter/oscillator to make a simple, accurate, long-delay timer for times between milliseconds and hours    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• ?C-based one-shot has wide range - ?C-based, digitally programmable, monostable multivibrator based on PIC16C54    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Watchdog circuit uses leftover gates - extremely simple watchdog circuti to be used with microcontrollers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Watchdog timer reboots PCs - watchdog timer reboot the computer if it runs astray, uses a PIC16C84 ?C to provide the watchdog function    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Delay line implements clock doubler - using a 5-nsec delay unit, a 50- MHz, 50% duty-cycle square-wave input produces a 100-MHz, 50% duty-cycle output clock    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• Frequency doubler operates on triangle waves    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• PSpice tunes oscillator circuits - optimization technique to determine the impedance, ZB, that compensates for parasitic phase shifts that the real amplifier introduces in this high-frequency oscillator    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/oscillator.html)
• CompactFlash Specification Download    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_bus.html)
• PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect Introduction    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_bus.html)
• CompactPCI Short Form Specifications    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_bus.html)
• PCI Hot-Plug Technology - Compaq Partnered with Leading Vendors Chairs New PCI SIG Workgroup To Develop Open Industry Standard    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_bus.html)
• International Color Consortium Profile Format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_compgraphics.html)
• The KnotPlot Site    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_compgraphics.html)
• The Printed Circuit Board Primer - A fine printed circuit board (PCB) is a mixture if high art, and solid engineering. Here is a short primer on what goes into the making of a PCB, the terminology, and the features that enhance reliabity, and lower cost.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_general.html)
• ATX Motherboard Specification - Intel ATX page, ATX specification can be downloaded here    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_general.html)
• Engineers Embrace CompactPCI - rugged, high-performance CompactPCI and its instrumentation extension PXI are attracting many system developers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_industrial.html)
• PC/104: an aging beauty - Even though Intel and Microsoft have jointly banned the ISA bus from future desktop computers, ISA-based PC/104 embedded products show steady growth    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_industrial.html)
• C function turns PC into serial-bus master - UARTs built into most microcontrollers support a "9th-bit" communications mode, this function adds this capability to your PC serial port    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_interface.html)
• STP100 Servo Control Manual - This manual has information how to use RS-232 / RS-485 ports with Qbasic.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_interface.html)
• Kris Heidenstrom's PC Parallel Port Mini-FAQ - information on the standard and PS/2-bidirectional PC parallel ports, programming examples    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_interface.html)
• External Parallel Port devices and Linux - has also has a lot of technical info on parallel port connected devices    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_interface.html)
• Optical Mice and How They Work - If you took apart an optical mouse and looked inside, you'd find a complete imaging system. The mouse is essentially a tiny, high-speed video camera and image processor.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_interface.html)
• Novell SUSE Linux - commercial Linux distribution    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_linux.html)
• Linux CMU SNMP Project - network management tools    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_linux.html)
• Net-SNMP - Net-SNMP is a suite of applications used to implement SNMP v1, SNMP v2c and SNMP v3 using both IPv4 and IPv6.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_linux.html)
• Unix Shells - csh, ksh, bash, zsh    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_programming.html)
• Handy One Liners for SED (Unix stream editor)    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_programming.html)
• SED Tutorial    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_programming.html)
• Device Driver Development for MS Windows? and Windows? NT - page is intended for device driver developers only    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_programming.html)
• Outline of the Standard MIDI File Structure    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_sound.html)
• Outline of the Standard MIDI File Structure    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_sound.html)
• Outline of the Standard MIDI File Structure - The Standard MIDI File (SMF) is a file format used to store MIDI data (plus some other kinds of data typically needed by a sequencer). This format stores the standard MIDI messages (ie, status bytes with appropriate data bytes) plus a time-stamp for each message (ie, a series of bytes that represent how many clock pulses to wait before "playing" the event). The format also allows saving information about tempo, time and key signatures, the names of tracks and patterns, and other information typically needed by a sequencer. One SMF can store information for numerous patterns and tracks so that any sequencer can preserve these structures when loading the file.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_sound.html)
• Wave file format - Quick and Dirty WAV layout    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_sound.html)
• Special audio wave files digitally generated for test purposes    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_sound.html)
• Bus Master DMA Drivers - Just an Illusion - Bus Master DMA Drivers from Intel and Others Are Falsely Inflating Benchmark Results    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_storage.html)
• CompactFlash Specification Download    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_storage.html)
• The Video Card Guide - basics of PC video cards    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_video.html)
• The Cookbook CCD Camera Home Page - to help amateur astronomers who build their own CCD cameras    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_video.html)
• Overview of FAT, HPFS, and NTFS File Systems    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_windows.html)
• The WinFS File System For Windows Longhorn: Faster & Smarter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_windows.html)
• Device Driver Development for Microsoft? Windows? - page is intended for device driver developers only.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_windows.html)
• What Does a Driver Do For You, Anyway? - drivers give you access to instruments, but the term "driver" means different things to different people    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_windows.html)
• Control I/O Ports from Windows NT - information on a shareware ActiveX control lets you control plug-in cards and other peripherals    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_windows.html)
• Dia for Win32 - Windows version of Dia drawing program    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_windows.html)
• GIMP for Windows - GNU Image Manipulation Program is a freely distributed piece of software suitable for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and image authoring.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_windows.html)
• Pixia - Pixia is an easy to use drawing program with lots of features, works with Windows 95/98/NT4/2000/XP. The original Japanese Edition was created and developed by the author, Isao Maruoka, but has also been aggressively raised by its fans, which makes this software to be quite unique and different from other tools.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pc_windows.html)
• Driving Multiple VGA Monitors - simple circuit to drive two VGA monitors using one VGA card    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_display.html)
• LCD module on PC LPT Port    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_display.html)
• 24 Line Parallel Interface for the PC parallel port    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_interfacing.html)
• Velleman Universal Relay Card with 16 Relays - This page has information on Vellan kit which take computer input and controls up to 16 relays. This page has full kit documentation including the circuit diagram.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_interfacing.html)
• RS-232C port scans remote keypad    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_interfacing.html)
• RS-232C powers and reads 8-bit switch matrix - provides a remote menu-selection switch matrix for PCs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_interfacing.html)
• Connecting a PC keyboard to I2C-bus - application note in PDF format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_interfacing.html)
• 24 Line Parallel Interface for the PC - big file in pdf format, you might only need the    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_pc.html)
• Decoder safely drives data-bus buffer - a common way of implementing an I/O decoder for the ISA (or similar) bus    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_pc.html)
• ISA bus provides access to serial peripherals - you can easily connect peripherals with serial interface to the ISA bus through an I/O port that latches control and data bits    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_pc.html)
• PAL powers universal ISA bus interface    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_pc.html)
• Bridge chips help connect host and expansion buses to the PCI bus - many vendors are offering bridge chips to help PCI get on and off the buses of various CPUs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_pc.html)
• Designing PCI-compliant master/slave interfaces for add-on cards    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_pc.html)
• Circuit loads eight-channel DAC from PC port    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_pc.html)
• Printer port controls A/D conversion - circuit uses a microcontroller (PIC16C71) as an A/D converter and a data organizer    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_pc.html)
• Printer port hosts precision analog I/O board - 12-bit analog I/O board that plugs into a PC's printer port    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_pc.html)
• External Parallel Port devices and Linux - Information on the programming external peripherals connected to parallel port (IDE adapters, tape drives, cameras)    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/project_pc.html)
• Deep Cycle Battery FAQ    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Car Battery and Deep Cycle Battery FAQ - This web site contains the free consumer information about car and deep cycle storage batteries.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Car and Deep Cycle lead-acid batteries - Car and Deep Cycle lead-acid battery answers to Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), tips, information, references and hyperlinks are contained on this consumer oriented Web site about car, motorcycle, truck, marine, recreational vehicle starting and deep cycle applications.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Proper handling helps make the most of Li-ion batteries - Li-ion batteries pack the most power per unit volume, but excessive charging or discharging can damage or destroy the battery and its surroundings, carefully designed circuits help you avoid such dire outcomes    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Smart-battery technology: power management's missing link - you no longer need to view a battery as a power-generating element whose characteristics are beyond your knowledge and controla    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• PSpice models nickel-metal-hydride cells - nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) battery model accurately predicts the discharge characteristics of an NiMH cell (or groups of cells)    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Charger delivers 2.5A with 96% efficiency    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Remote charging circuit uses three-wire sensing - remote voltage sensing usually uses a four-wire sensing system, this system works with three wires    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Sealed Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit - A very effective and simple sealed lead acid battery charger based on L200 IC    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Shunt battery charger provides 1A continuous current - a shunt method is preferable than series regulation in solar-powered systems    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Step-up/step-down current source charges batteries    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Trickle Charging - Explains what trickle charging is    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Battery Discharge Monitor - pdf file    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Battery-backup converter uses one NiCd cell - this dc/dc converter allows you to replace a five- or six-unit string of NiCd coin cells with one cell    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Battery-protection circuit allows surges - circuit monitors two lithium-ion batteries and protects both of them against overcharging, overdischarging, and undervoltage    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Circuit prevents deep discharge of batteries - to avoid the deep discharge that can destroy or shorten the life of a rechargeable battery, you must disconnect its load before the discharge is complete    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Overload and reverse-current circuitry protects battery and load - there are numerous circuits can protect against backward installation of batteries and other overcurrent-causing conditions    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• LED flasher indicates low-battery condition    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Battery desulfator for lead-acid batteries    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Circuit trade-offs minimize noise in battery-input power supplies - analyzing noise from the perspective of portable-system design will help you make appropriate power-supply design trade-offs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Portable systems demand vigilant overcurrent protection - modern portable systems require protection from an arsenal of potential overcurrent problems    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Pushbutton switch controls power supply and ?C - switching handheld units on and off with a pushbutton switch is a desirable feature but needs some thinking    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Remote control turns battery on and off - circuit acts like a latching solid-state relay    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Simple regulator monitors its input voltage - portable systems usually monitor their battery input to obtain an early warning of a loss of battery voltage    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_battery.html)
• Precision current sink costs less than $20 - simple active load circuit for current from 1 mA to 1A and voltage from 3 to 40V    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_current.html)
• Design guidelines help dc/dc converters work properly over long lines - some background and design tips help ensure optimum converter operation under various long line conditions    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Feedback isolation augments power-supply safety and performance - properly designed isolated feedback is crucial to maintaining safety on many power supply designs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Linear Supplies feel the (lack of) heat from switchers in low-wattage applications - ICs that implement advanced supply techniques are challenging linear supplies by lowering costs, cutting size, and increasing efficiency    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Linear Supplies feel the (lack of) heat from switchers in low-wattage applications - ICs that implement advanced supply techniques are challenging linear supplies by lowering costs, cutting size, and increasing efficiency.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Linear vs Switching Supplies: Weighing All the Options - the choice between linear and switching board-level power supplies is sometimes clear-cut but can be sometimes hard to do    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Power-supply reliability: a practical improvement guide - path to high reliability is a well-managed process that starts in the product's definition phase and continues long after the first shipment    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Product Safety - connection to external power sources - the implications of hazardous voltages, energy and power    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• The fuse-selection checklist: a quick update - a fuse-selection checklist now must include the I2t parameter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Load pulser tests supply's transient response - modern ?Ps place severe demands on the transient response of the power source    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Circuit trade-offs minimize noise in battery-input power supplies - analyzing noise from the perspective of portable-system design will help you make appropriate power-supply design trade-offs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Portable systems demand vigilant overcurrent protection - modern portable systems require protection from an arsenal of potential overcurrent problems    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Pushbutton switch controls power supply and ?C - switching handheld units on and off with a pushbutton switch is a desirable feature but needs some thinking    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Remote control turns battery on and off - circuit acts like a latching solid-state relay    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Simple regulator monitors its input voltage - portable systems usually monitor their battery input to obtain an early warning of a loss of battery voltage    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_general.html)
• Cockcroft-Walton Diode Voltage Multiplier    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_hivolt.html)
• High Voltage Generator for Low Current Applications    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_hivolt.html)
• High Voltage Generator for Flash and Geiger Tubes - very low battery current, pdf file    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_hivolt.html)
• Ignition Coil / Flyback Transformer Based high voltage generators - This page gives my thoughts on how to use a car ignition coil or flyback transformer as a high voltage generator. The objective is to produce as high a voltage as possible, with as high a power throughput as possible.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_hivolt.html)
• Ignition Coil Flyback Transformer Based high voltage generators - Flyback transformer driver circuit with protection/advanced features    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_hivolt.html)
• Keep linear regulators in their safe zone - thermal characteristics of regulators depend on their operating conditions and the system's load    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_linear.html)
• Active preloading provides sinking capability - a simple add-on circuit enables a unipolar power supply, usually a current-sourcing circuit only, to sink current from a load    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_linear.html)
• Circuit reduces VCC ripple in audio band - regulator circuit which reduces noise and ripple by at least 35 dB over the audio range of 100 Hz to 20 kHz and provides a clean source of 5V power for driving audio circuits in portable applications such as cellular phones and multimedia notebook computers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_linear.html)
• Regulator excels in noise and line rejection - certain electronic circuits require extremely low-noise power supplies and this circuit provides very good quality power output    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_linear.html)
• Regulator generates sub-bandgap voltages - 100-mA regulator that uses a dual linear-regulator IC to produce output voltages below 1.25V from 2.9 to 5.5V input-voltage range    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_linear.html)
• Op amp makes precise 9V-battery splitter - alkaline 9V batteries are ideal for many portable, handheld applications, this circuit generates a bipolar supply of 5V and ?2.3 to ?4V using a precision 5V reference and one op amp as a supply splitter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_linear.html)
• Drive high-voltage varactor diodes from just 5V - how to connect two International Rectifier (El Segundo, CA) PVI1050s photovoltaic-isolator ICs in series to provide a 20V tuning drive for the varactor diode    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_misc.html)
• Circuit breaker has programmable delay - this circuit provides overload and short-circuit protection to a 5V power-supply output    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_monitor.html)
• Current limit protects power bus - protects a power bus from a load short within a guaranteed 2 ?sec response time    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_monitor.html)
• Overload and reverse-current circuitry protects battery and load - there are numerous circuits can protect against backward installation of batteries and other overcurrent-causing conditions    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_monitor.html)
• Single LED indicates two power states - uses a single bicolor LED to indicate both power-on and blown-fuse conditions    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_monitor.html)
• Transformerless supply fits CATV applications - coaxial CATV systems derive their power from a 60-Hz square wave that shares the center conductor with the television channelsm this circuit generates 10 mA at 5V DC from it    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_notransformer.html)
• Circuit trade-offs minimize noise in battery-input power supplies    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Consider IGBTs over power MOSFETs at frequencies to 100 kHz - evaluating the performance of IGBTs and high-voltage power MOSFETs for switching applications requires a common set of applications and assumptions    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Ridley Engineering Design Tips - information on transformer measuring and design and also general power supply design    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Feedback isolation augments power-supply safety and performance - properly designed isolated feedback is crucial to maintaining safety on many power supply designs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Finding the keys to flyback power supplies produces efficient design - quick tutorial on flyback-power-supply design may help clear out some of the cobwebs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• IC and capacitor improve isolated supply - many isolated power supplies typically use an optocoupler and a reference to provide feedback to a controller to maintain a constant output voltage, this uses different method to provide controlled output voltage    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Isolated Feedback Techniques for Power Supplies    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• LIER circuit helps power-supply efficiency - leakage-inductance, energy-recovery (LIER) circuit ecovers energy stored in the primary leakage inductance and delivers the recovered energy to one of the power supply's outputs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Low-voltage power sources keep pace with plummeting logic and ?P voltages    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Saturable bead improves reverse recovery - this circuit uses a saturable inductor bead to control the switching diode's reverse-recovery time and, therefore, to reduce EMI in swtiching power supply    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Spice predicts differential conducted EMI from switching power supplies - not only can predict the exact EMI levels produced by a switched-mode power supply, but also can produce plots that allow you to easily evaluate your design and the effectiveness of the EMI filter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Synchronous rectification aids low-voltage power supplies - synchronous rectifiers can improve switching-power-supply efficiency, particularly in low-voltage, low-power applications    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Switching converter uses planar magnetics - planar-magnetics technology is growing in popularity as a design option for dc-dc converters    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Switching-regulator design lowers noise to 100 ?V - extending unconscionable amounts of bypass capacitors, ferrite beads, shields, Mumetal, and aspirin to ameliorate noise-induced effects is no longer the only way to tackle switching-regulator noise, there are nowadays low-noise ICs available    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Tandem hookups enhance utility of dc/dc units - flexibility you can gain by connecting isolated, compact dc/dc converters in parallel or series allows low-cost, standard parts to meet system needs with minimal cost and space penalties    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Transformers for SMPS - The availability of new materials for transformers working in frequency range of above 1MHz and the advances made in power electronics have given the development of high-frequency transformers new impetus. It has become possible to operate SMPS with switching frequencies of up to 500 kHz due to the development of fast-switching transistors and HF power ferrites. In resonance transformers frequencies of even up to 3 MHz can be achieved. This document compares the diffent transformer types for SMPS.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Boost converter controls 12V fan from 5V supply - temperature-controlled PWM boost converter allows operation of a 12V brushless dc fan from a 5V supply    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Boost converter generates three analog rails    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Hex inverter makes low-cost switching regulator - simple and low-cost circuit converts 5V to 12V    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Li-ion boost circuit uses no inductors - circuit to mainstain regulated 3.3V supply for portable applications    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Add trimmable current limit to dc/dc supply - you can add a simple, two-transistor circuit to a standard, step-down dc/dc converter to provide an adjustable limit for the output current    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Boost controller drives buck converter - by adding an external switching transistor, you can use a step-up dc/dc converter to step down voltages to produce an efficient battery-powered power supply, this example circuit can step down inputs as low as 2V to outputs as low as 1.25V, with efficiency as high as 80%    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Buck regulator generates flexible VTT for PECL - circuit to generate output which can both source and sink current    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Circuit provides 1.5V, 7A bus termination    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Single resistor improves V2 converter - V2 control offers a significant improvement in transient response by using two voltage feedbacs, example circuit is for generatign voltages in 1.8-3.3V range    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Switched-capacitor regulator provides gain - switched capacitor idea to convers 12V to 3.3V or 5V    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Three-input supply powers 3.3V portables - single-ended primary-inductance converter accepts input voltages ranging from 3 to more than 6V and produces a regulated 3.3V, 200-mA output    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Wall-cube dc/dc converter is 85% efficient - ubiquitous 12V wall cube generates an unregulated dc voltage of 8 to 18V, depending on line voltage and load, this circuit generates a regulated 5V 400 mA from it very efficiently    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• ?12V supply accepts 9 to 30V inputs - delivers more than 3.6W at ?12V and operates from inputs of 9 to 30V    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Current source forms unusually simple regulator - simple regulator uses a switching current source to drive a pair of shunt zener regulators, circuit produces ?15V dual outputs, for total output power of approximately 400 mW form 100-400V DC source    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Inverter forms high-efficiency rail-splitter - switched-capacitor voltage inverter can be used as "rail splitter" to provide bipolar, dual-rail power supply    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Simple regulator provides ?12V - simple circuit can provide ?12V from a 5V input using only one switching-regulator IC and a few off-the-shelf components    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Autotransformer regulator inverts 12V to produce ?12V - prodices output of 200 mA    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• DC/DC controller generates negative supply - a switch-mode power-supply controller plus a diode-capacitor network generate the modest negative supply current needed for op amps or for LCD bias, without inductors    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Simple boost converter generates ?27 and ?87V - generates the voltage levels necessary for standard telephones from 12V    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Isolated telecomm converter handles 25W - telecomm applications in the central office require an isolated 5V supply derived from ?48V, this gives out 5V at 5A from an input voltage of ?36 to ?72V    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• CoolSET TDA16831..-34 for OFF-Line Switch Mode Power Supplies    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Step-down rectifier makes a simple dc power supply - a simple and useful nonisolated rectifier features voltage step-down operation, acceptable Class A line-current harmonics, inherent short-circuit protection, and, optionally, a regulated output    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/psu_switching.html)
• Patriotic Fireworks Frequently Asked Questions - a fireworks website that aside from selling fireworks contains quality legal and safety information    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/pyrotech.html)
• AJP's Circuits    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• Wireless Network Link Analysis - This set of tools analyze the link length available with different antennas and transmitters on different frequency bands. It calculates approximate received power levels and fade margins for wireless links.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• Antennas: critical links in the wireless signal chain - right antennas can strengthen the chain by yielding better signal coverage, increased S/N ratio, reduced bit error rate, and lower power consumption all at very low cost    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• Antenni ns. kettujahtiin ja radiosuunnistukseen - This is plan for 27 MHz directional loop antenna. The text of this document is in Finnish.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• FM-Band Preamplifier - Here is a high performance RF amplifier for the FM band which can be successfully built without any special test equipment. The grounded-gate configuration is inherently stable without any neutralization if reasonably good layout techniques are employed. The output transformer is designed to resonate with the FET's drain capacitance at about 92 MHz giving the amplifier the highest gain at the low end of the band where the weaker stations operate. No tuning capacitor is needed as long as the transformer is built precisely as described. The performance of the amplifier is quite good. The noise figure is below 2 dB and the gain is over 12dB.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• Build your own superheterodyne receiver - simple three-IC superheterodyne radio to receive stations in the 4.5- to 10-MHz range    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• FM Band Preamplifier - This low noise amplifier will bring in those low-power stations    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• Single chip builds tiny aircraft receiver - This is a simple AM receiver for 108 to 135 MHz using single-chip NE605.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• High-frequency VGA has digital control - variable-gain amplifier for ranging from 115 MHz at high gain to 225 MHz at low gain    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• Wideband AGC has 60-dB dynamic input range - provides more than 60 dB of dynamic input range at 150 MHz    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• Add-on modulator has high bandwidth - converts the output of a continuous-wave (CW) source to either an amplitude-modulation (AM) or a suppressed-carrier-modulation (SCM) format, circuit has unity gain and 50 Ohm input and output impedances, frequency response is flat from 0.3 to 45 MHz    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• Current amp provides frequency modulation - you can use current-feedback op amps in many VHF-band RF applications up to 150 MHz, this frequency modulator that generates a 55-MHz VHF signal    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• Modulator draws just 5 mA at 2.7V - single-sideband (SSB) modulation uses the frequency spectrum and generates output power more efficiently than does full-amplitude modulatio, generates generates 35- to 80-MHz SSB signals by combining wideband, low-voltage op amps with an IC that integrates all the necessary functions    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• Waveform generator demodulates FM signals - uses the phase-detector signals of a precision waveform-generator IC to perform FM demodulation    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• 900-MHz down converter consumes little power - nonproprietary 900-MHz down converter to 75 MHz by using an 825-MHz local-oscillator signal    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• Op-amp oscillators simplify RF designs - a novel circuit that uses a low-cost, high-speed op amp as a crystal-controlled RF sine-wave oscillator    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/radio.html)
• VCR knowledge page - This page is started because of lack of awareness of the Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) time-base errors. This page describes video operation very nicely with pictures and oscilloscope signals.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/repair.html)
• VCR Repair Guide    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/repair.html)
• Powerlines and Cancer FAQs: Introduction    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Static Electric and Magnetic Fields and Cancer FAQs: Introduction    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Investigate System-Level ESD Problems    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Provide ESD protection for I/O ports - you can take steps to ensure the safety of some of the most vulnerable components, the interface ICs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Simple ESD gun tests IC - you can use this simple ESD-test gun to test the effects of ESD through sensitive ICs, based in piezo-electric type kitchen gas lighter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Spark gaps provide ESD protection - using a spark gap fabricated as part of the conductor pattern of a pc board provides significant protection against ESD damage to an interface circui    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Build a Magnetic Field Immunity Tester - A precompliance test system can help you determine whether your products comply with standards such as the CE Marking.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Computer simulation avoids EMI/EMC problems in high-speed IC packages - singal-integrity and EMI/EMC issues can be devastating in high-density, high-speed IC- package design, simulation techniques can help you model your design and anticipate these problems    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Eavesdropping On the Electromagnetic Emanations of Digital Equipment: The Laws of Canada, England and the United States - rough draft from 1989    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• EMI simulation tools - number of vendors have announced software-based EMI-simulation tools    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Use spread-spectrum techniques to reduce EMI - spread-spectrum techniques are cost-effective ways to control clock-generated EM emissions    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Test EMI Emissions on Telecom Ports - Today's tests don't assure you of next year's compliance.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Build a Magnetic Field Immunity Tester - a precompliance test system can help you determine whether your products comply with standards such as the CE Marking    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• The CE marking: separating fact from fiction - you should be aware that a product's CE marking does notimply a particular level of quality; it simply indicates that a product conforms to relevant European directives and standards    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Electrical Equipment (implementing the Low Voltage Directive) Guidance notes on UK Regulations July 1995    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Equipping the LVD Test Laboratory - It is often thought that if we have a HiPot tester and an Earth Bond Tester we have all the test equipment we need.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Product Safety - connection to external power sources - the implications of hazardous voltages, energy and power    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• RoHS Legislation and Technical Manual from Farnell - Practical guides, reports and analysis from industry experts on lead-free soldering, compliance and more.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic Solid State SMD - Proposed Standard for IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C Ballot January 2004    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/safety.html)
• SIMAT iButton 1-Wire Hub - The HUB is designed around the DS2409 microlan coupler chip, this is basically a software controlled switch that has two switchable 1-wire outputs (main and aux) these outputs can be controlled using three basic commands, Smart on Main, Smart on Aux and All Lines Off.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/serialbus.html)
• ISO7816 (part 1-3) asynchronous smartcard information    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/smartcards.html)
• MAGTEK Application Note: Magnetic Stripe Reader - The Mag-Tek Card Reader may be interfaced to a microprocessor unit (MPU) in a number of ways. Selection of the most suitable method will depend on the system requirements and the MPU capabilities. The two most common methods are Single-bit input programming and USART (Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver - Transmitter).    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/smartcards.html)
• Pankkiviivakoodistandardi - Information on bar coding used in bills in Finland to make payin gof them with ATM easier. This document is in Finnish.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/smartcards.html)
• Dia for Win32 - Windows version of Dia drawing program    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/software.html)
• Easytrax - DOS based PCB cad, test version available, this is slightly crippled - for instance users can't edit the hole sizes    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/software.html)
• PCB - a UNIX freeware program for generating printed circuit board layouts    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/software.html)
• XCircuit - X11 program for drawing publishable-quality electrical circuit schematic diagrams    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/software.html)
• TimeGen Timing Diagram Tool TimeGen: Digital Timing Diagram Tool TimeGen is an engineering CAD tool which allows a digital design engineer the capability to quickly and effectively draw digital timing diagrams. - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/software.html)
• ASN.1 Summary - Abstract Syntax Notation number One (ASN.1) is an international standard that aims at specifying data used in communication protocols. It is a powerful and complex language: its features are designed to describe accurately and efficiently communications between homogeneous or heterogeneous systems.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/standards.html)
• Tree and Tabular Combined Notation (TTCN) Tutorial - a notation standardized by the ISO for the specification of tests for communication systems    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/standards.html)
• Solve transient-protection problems with devices and topology    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/surge.html)
• Spice model simulates spark-gap arrestor    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/surge.html)
• Investigate System-Level ESD Problems    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/surge.html)
• Provide ESD protection for I/O ports - you can take steps to ensure the safety of some of the most vulnerable components, the interface ICs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/surge.html)
• Simple ESD gun tests IC - you can use this simple ESD-test gun to test the effects of ESD through sensitive ICs, based in piezo-electric type kitchen gas lighter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/surge.html)
• Solve transient-protection problems with devices and topology    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/surge.html)
• Spark gaps provide ESD protection - using a spark gap fabricated as part of the conductor pattern of a pc board provides significant protection against ESD damage to an interface circuit    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/surge.html)
• Anschlussbelegungen von ISDN Buchsen - ISDN connector wiring information    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_access.html)
• ADSL trims down with G.lite - ADSL must now rely on the G.lite standard for consumer appeal as computer and telephone companies push G.lite    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_access.html)
• ADSL: the end of the wait for home Internet? - describers contenders for fast-Internet providing    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_access.html)
• Line drivers and receivers push signals through cable's reality - cable driving is an old art, but new applications such as ADSL/HDSL, cable modems, LANs, and high-resolution video require drivers and receivers that provide increased power, bandwidth, fidelity, and tolerance of line uncertainties    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_access.html)
• Specialized test judges DMT-amplifier performance - traditional analog test techniques and specifications, which are based on sine-wave testing, don't reflect the true performance of devices that process the discrete multitone waveform    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_access.html)
• CODEC for Echo-Canceling Full-Rate ADSL Modems - A CODEC, fabricated in 3.3-V CMOS, provides the low-voltage transmitter and receiver interfaces between the modem digital signal-processing engine and the high-voltage hybrid circuitry for either the central office or the remote terminal ends of the subscriber loop, configurable by metal mask option. Extensive use of digital interpolation filters in the transmitter, decimation filters in the receiver, and oversampled data converters minimize the complexity of analog filters. On-chip filtering and 14-bit data converters support echo-canceling modems without requiring external filters.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_access.html)
• Chips and high-speed cable modems enable two-way communications - cable-modem specifications standardize high-speed, two-way communications. Now, you can use highly integrated chips to customize consumer-friendly modems for retail shelves    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_access.html)
• Powerline communication: wireless technology - using AC power lines to transmit data eliminates the cost of installing special wiring between distributed system elements but still powerline communication doesn't suit every application    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_access.html)
• Circuit translates TTY current loop to RS-232C - provides signal translation between a passive current-loop (TTY) interface and a duplex RS-232C ports    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_circuits.html)
• Circuit converts between TTL and shifted ECL    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_circuits.html)
• Two transistors form bidirectional level translator - illustrates a translation from 5 to 3V, but it can accommodate almost any other voltage levels, provided the logic-low levels are equal (usually 0V), translation from 1 to 100V are possible although slow.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_circuits.html)
• Circuit adapts differential input to drive coax - uses an HFA1100 or HFA1105 to convert a balanced input signal to a single-ended output signal, uses positive feedback to characteristic-impedance matching while increasing the available output swing, as compared with using a simple series termination resistor    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_circuits.html)
• DC power wire also carries clock or data - high-side current-sense amplifier, IC1, offers a simple method of combining low-speed clocks or other signals with dc power in cables between subsystems    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_circuits.html)
• Emissions killers trap common-mode currents - unshielded twisted-pair cable that is transformer-coupled to a digital system can easily act as a radiating antenna because of common-mode currents induced by unwanted stray coupling from the digital portions of the system    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_circuits.html)
• Group-delay equalizer has gain more than 1    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_circuits.html)
• RLC circuits match transmission lines to loads - you can use simple RLC circuits to compensate for the mismatch of high impedance CMOS input and transmission line    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_circuits.html)
• SP-L modulator uses single-speed bit clock - circuit for producing Manchester encoding modulation easily Other circuits    - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_circuits.html)
• Synchronizing controller detects baud rate - a simple and inexpensive implementation using an eight-pin 12C508 controller (Microchip Technology, Chandler, AZ) provides both bit-rate detection and a synchronous, appended-clock output from an asynchronous input-data stream    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_circuits.html)
• VT100 commands and control sequences    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_datacom.html)
• SDLC, HDLC and LLC protocols    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_datacom.html)
• X.25 Packet Switching    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_datacom.html)
• Information and Coding Theory - Information theory is concerned with the description of information sources, the representation of the information from a source, and the transmission of this information over a channel.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_datacom.html)
• Error detection coding    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_datacom.html)
• Multiprotocol over ATM (MPOA)    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_datacom.html)
• Closed-loop flow control manages ATM channel bandwidth - using closed-loop flow control, you can keep the ATM data pipe wide as well as manage it efficiently    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_datacom.html)
• FIBER Vs COPPER: Sometimes it's not an easy choice - choosing between fiber-optic and copper interconnect systems is sometimes difficult, entailing considerations of distance, cost, required bandwidth, and specialized expertise.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_fiber.html)
• Optical networking lightens carrier-backbone burden - more and more users are finding faster ways to send data and are thus overburdening long-haul communications backbones    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_fiber.html)
• Fiber Optic Termination - We terminate fiber optic cable two ways - with connectors that can mate two fibers to create a temporary joint and/or connect the fiber to a piece of network gear or with splices which create a permanent joint between the two fibers. These terminations must be of the right style, installed in a manner that makes them have little light loss and protected against dirt or damage in use. No area of fiber optics has been given greater attention than termination. Manufacturers have come up with over 80 styles of connectors and and about a dozen ways to install them. There are two types of splices and many ways of implementing the splice. Fortunately for me and you, only a few types are used most applications. Different connectors and splice termination procedures are used for singlemode and multimode connectors, so make sure you know what the fiber will be before you specify connectors or splices!    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_fiber.html)
• Fiber Optic Termination - We terminate fiber optic cable two ways - with connectors that can mate two fibers to create a temporary joint and/or connect the fiber to a piece of network gear or with splices which create a permanent joint between the two fibers. These terminations must be of the right style, installed in a manner that makes them have little light loss and protected against dirt or damage in use.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_fiber.html)
• Fiber Optic Testing - A Practical Guide to Testing Fiber Optic Components and Networks    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_fiber.html)
• Understanding OTDRs - essential measurement instument on fiber optic network testing    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_fiber.html)
• Analog components add fiber to your communications diet - To effectively interface between the digital electronic world and the optical world, you need to use analog components designed to accommodate the unique characteristics of electro-optical components    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_fiber.html)
• Design and layout rules eliminate noise coupling in communication systems - high-speed telecommunication and data-communication schemes, such as SONET/SDH networks, noisy high-speed digital logic often shares board space with sensitive analog circuitry    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_fiber.html)
• The right test equipment simplifies measuring BER in burst-mode systems - without the right equipment, experimentally verifying burst-mode receiver designs can be difficult    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_fiber.html)
• Fibre Channel finally fills the gap in I/O subsystems - after a decade of development and waiting in the wings, Fibre Channel appears poised for deployment--delivering 100-Mbyte/sec data rates in storage and networking subsystems    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_fiber.html)
• Control frequency response and noise in broadband, photodetector, transimpedance amplifiers - converting the current output of a wideband photodetector to a voltage, minimizing noise, and achieving the desired frequency response can tax the patience of even an experienced designer    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_fiber.html)
• Coding Theory - description of information sources, the representation of the information from a source, and the transmission of this information over a channel    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_general.html)
• T-1 and T-3 Circuits Provide LAN to WAN Interconnection - The use of T-1 and T-3 Telco circuits to interconnect LANs is growing rapidly. This article explains how these cost-effective circuits work and why they are so popular.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_general.html)
• Line drivers and receivers push signals through cable's reality - cable driving is an old art, but new applications such as ADSL/HDSL, cable modems, LANs, and high-resolution video require drivers and receivers that provide increased power, bandwidth, fidelity, and tolerance of line uncertainties    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_interface.html)
• Ten ways to bulletproof RS-485 interfaces - dispite its widespread use, RS-485 is not as well understood as it should be    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_interface.html)
• Circuit translates TTY current loop to RS-232C - This circuit provides signal translation between a passive current-loop (TTY) interface and a duplex RS-232C ports    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_interface.html)
• Current loop (TTY) - THis document describes 10 mA balanced current loop (?10 mA) technology used by some short-haul modems.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_interface.html)
• LVDS: power-miser angel, interconnect demon - high data rates and limited signal swing conspire to make the design and characterization of LVDS interconnect systems a tricky proposition    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_interface.html)
• Signaling system provides speed, noise immunity - LVDS can accelerate performance and reduce power consumption    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_interface.html)
• FAST backplane connectors disguise digital transmission lines - today's telecommunications and high-end computing designs demand backplane edge connectors that maintain signal integrity and provide high signal density for data rates up to 2.5 Gbps    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_interface.html)
• High-speed serial links benefit from advanced cabling - achieving low bit-error rates on short- and medium-length gigabit/sec links requires examining cable configurations and choosing the right coding and driver/receiver circuitry    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_interface.html)
• Serial backplanes supplant parallel buses in fast systems - point-to-point serial links borrowed from industry-standard storage interfaces provide an apt substitute for traditional parallel bus    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_interface.html)
• How LAN Switches Work - This document covers the general concept of how LAN switches work and the most common features available on a LAN switch. It also covers the differences between bridging, switching, and routing.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_lan.html)
• Ethernet's History and a bit of Security    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_lan.html)
• Ethernet Frame Structure    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_lan.html)
• How LAN Switches Work - This document covers the general concept of how LAN switches work and the most common features available on a LAN switch. It also covers the differences between bridging, switching, and routing.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_lan.html)
• LXT971A/972A 3.3V PHY Transceivers Design and Layout Guide - Application note from Intel    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_lan.html)
• Ethernet 10BaseT simulator jig yields zero emissions - This is a valuable tool because it evaluates RF emissions from Ethernet unshielded-twisted-pair (UTP) 10BaseT LAN-interface devices without contaminating the measured results with its own RF emissions. When an RF-emissions-measurement lab tests a multiport, UTP 10BaseT Ethernet device for compliance with FCC-radiated emission limits, the test is meaningful only if the device transmits data packets from all 10BaseT ports. To enable this transmission, the 10BaseT ports must receive a steady stream of link test pulses from attached 10BaseT devices. Unfortunately, the attached devices commonly radiate from their attached cables on the same frequencies as the equipment under test (EUT). This problem makes EUT performance evaluation and any trial fixes difficult, if not impossible. The solution is to eliminate the radiated noise from the ancillary equipment. This circuit generates the required link-test pulses without RF emissions. The pulse must have a width of 60 to 130 nsec with a repetition frequency of 42 to 125 Hz. Pulse amplitude should be 500 mV to 3V.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_lan.html)
• Designing Fast Ethernet switches is easy with chip sets and reference kits - off-the-shelf switch chips and reference designs dramatically reduce switch development costs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_lan.html)
• Gigabit Ethernet and ATM go neck and neck in the communications race    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_lan.html)
• Antennas: critical links in the wireless signal chain - right antennas can strengthen the chain by yielding better signal coverage, increased S/N ratio, reduced bit error rate, and lower power consumption all at very low cost    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_mobile.html)
• Designing a DECT telephone tests your receiver knowledge - desiging a DECT telephone is similar to designing a digital FM radio    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_mobile.html)
• Nokia Pop-port pinout - Nokia phone connector information    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_mobile.html)
• The connector pinout for Nokia phones series 51xx, 61xx and 71xx - This description is valid for 51xx, 61xx and 71xx phones    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_mobile.html)
• Nokia Mobile Internet Toolkit - offers developers a PC environment for creating, testing, and demonstrating WAP applications, software, documentation, and basic support are free of charge    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_mobile.html)
• Nokia WAP Toolkit    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/tele_mobile.html)
• Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Technical Characteristics of the Single Analogue Line - This document specifies the technical characteristics of a single analogue line interface of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) operated by Kingston Communications (Hull) PLC and known commonly as a Direct Exchange Line (DEL), delivered to a customer at the Network Terminating Point (NTP). Much of the information contained in this document has been published previously in various documents such as ETSI and BSI standards.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/telephone.html)
• Facsimile Theory - The information presented here is specifically for Canon Facsimile but most of the theory can be applied to any brand.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/telephone.html)
• CTI converges on a single TDM bus - computer-telephony resource boards use the CT Bus in new designs and upgrades, transition to PCI bus made it to agree on one time-division-multiplex bus    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/telephone.html)
• Echo-canceller design ensures hands-free, high-fidelity telephony    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/telephone.html)
• DTMF Encoding and Decoding In C    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/telephone.html)
• FCC Caller ID page    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/telephone.html)
• Caller ID / DTMF Audio Decoder Sources & Links    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/telephone.html)
• Fax saver cuts wear, tear, and power - less than $20 to cut wear and tear on your fax machine while saving power, circuit intercepts the incoming ring signal and powers up the fax machine in time to receive the fax and then turns off the fax machine after a predetermined time and awaits the next incoming fax    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/telephone.html)
• Circuit translates A law to m law - two common methods exist to compand voice for transmission through a PCM channel    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/telephone.html)
• Modem Line Interface Solutions using Vishay SSRs    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/telephone.html)
• The Transmitter Mast Gallery - This page has links to broadcast transmitter sites in the UK.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videobroadcasting.html)
• Mechanical TV Sets of the 20s and 30s    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videobroadcasting.html)
• Public Broadcasting PolicyBase - Key documents about the history, purpose, policy and structure of public broadcasting in the U.S.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videobroadcasting.html)
• Loop Bandwidth Optimization and Jitter Measurement Techniques for Serial HDTV Systems - This paper describes a system level optimization of a studio serial digital interface for uncompressed High Definition Television (HDTV). The HDTV data rate is 5.5 times that of Standard Definition Television (SDTV) which allows little design margin for jitter.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videobroadcasting.html)
• ACTS Digital Television Standards - digital HDTV standard proposal for USA in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videobroadcasting.html)
• ATSC Press Releases    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videobroadcasting.html)
• Direct Satellite Broadcast brings downlink directly to your set-top box - tehnology article    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videobroadcasting.html)
• Driving Video Lines - When does a trace or a wire become a transmission line? Bandwidth, characteristic impedance, ESD, and shoot-through considerations for selecting the proper video driver, receiver, mux-amp, or buffer. This application note discusses on those topics and gives recommendations for suitable video line driving components.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videochips.html)
• Transconductance Amplifiers Simplify Wideband Techniques - This article describes the unique architecture used in the MAX435/MAX436 transconductance amplifier and how this applies to traditional applications as well as new ones. Sample circuits are shown using the MAX435/MAX436 as a phase splitter, an impedance transformer, a coaxial cable driver, and as a twisted pair cable driver for distances over 5000 feet.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videochips.html)
• AIT1108E - single chip 24-bit scan converter RGB signals to NTSC/PAL-compatible video    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videochips.html)
• AIT1168 - single- chip VGA-to-Video scan converter IC from AITech    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videochips.html)
• Bt868/869 - generates composite and Y/C (S-video) signal from various YCrCb or RGB digital streams, provides a fully programmable DSP engine    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videochips.html)
• Driving Video Lines - When does a trace or a wire become a transmission line? Bandwidth, characteristic impedance, ESD, and shoot-through considerations for selecting the proper video driver, receiver, mux-amp, or buffer. This application note discusses on those topics and gives recommendations for suitable video line driving components.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Transconductance Amplifiers Simplify Wideband Techniques - This article describes the unique architecture used in the MAX435/MAX436 transconductance amplifier and how this applies to traditional applications as well as new ones. Sample circuits are shown using the MAX435/MAX436 as a phase splitter, an impedance transformer, a coaxial cable driver, and as a twisted pair cable driver for distances over 5000 feet.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Driving Multiple VGA Monitors - simple multiple-monitor driver circuit    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Single Coax Carries Video, Power, And Channel-Select Signals    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Camera power and video use same coax cable - it is convenient to run both the power and the video signal through one coax cable but it needs some extra electronics on both ends of the coaxial cable    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Driving Video Lines - When does a trace or a wire become a transmission line? Bandwidth, characteristic impedance, ESD, and shoot-through considerations for selecting the proper video driver, receiver, mux-amp, or buffer.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Single Coax Carries Video, Power, and Channel-Select Signals - This single coaxial system carries power to a remote location, selects one of eight video signals, and returns the selected signal.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• HCNW4562 High Bandwidth, Analog.Video Optocouplers - data sheet of this component has example circuit    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Circuit adapts differential input to drive coax - uses an HFA1100 or HFA1105 to convert a balanced input signal to a single-ended output signal, uses positive feedback to characteristic-impedance matching while increasing the available output swing, as compared with using a simple series termination resistor    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• IC forms differential line driver/receiver - you can use the HFA1212 dual video buffer to implement differential line drivers and receivers with a minimum of external components    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Transconductance Amplifiers Simplify Wideband Techniques - This article describes the unique architecture used in the MAX435/MAX436 transconductance amplifier and how this applies to traditional applications as well as new ones. Sample circuits are shown using the MAX435/MAX436 as a phase splitter, an impedance transformer, a coaxial cable driver, and as a twisted pair cable driver for distances over 5000 feet.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Printer port controls video multiplexer - four-channel computer controlled video-signal multiplexer for video frequencies as high as 300 MHz    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Sync separator includes AGC - this sync separation circuit has a gain-control circuit that helps to stabilize the sync-separation function    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Analog Devices AD724 based RGB to S-video and composite video converter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Motorola MC1377P - IC takes in RGB and outputs composit video, obsolete IC    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Video fader preserves synchronization - The common video effect "fade to black" is usually accomplished by increasing video signal attenuation to the point where the picture disappears, leaving a black screen. As the composite signal is attenuated, the signal's sync amplitude becomes too small to synchronize the picture properly, and the picture rolls and tears. This circuit shows a simple video "volume control" that operates on the picture but leaves the sync unchanged, allowing a smooth fade to black while maintaining video fidelity.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Digital sync-tip clamping: a new approach to video-signal conditioning - digital sync-tip clamping allows an ac-coupled ADC to digitize analog video without restoring the horizontal timing    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Active Filters for Video - Originally, video filters were passive L-C circuits surrounded by amplifiers, but the increased gain-bandwidth product (GBW) of modern op-amps makes it possible to combine them with R-C circuits to achieve smaller, more accurate designs. Active filters developed a bad reputation because of problems getting repeatable results until sensitivity analysis methods provided solutions for these problems in the 1960s.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Video Effects Unit - unit provides various wipe patterns for use when video dubbing, wipes one signal to black, it does not provide mixing between two separate input signals    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Generator provides 537 NTSC pattern - generates some useful NTSC TV picture tube test patterns    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Testcard Generator - provides a large range of video test patterns including a full colour Test-Card, colour bars, crosshatch, grey-scale, focus grid, colour purity patterns and more, also features a basic sine-wave audio oscillator, set at 800Hz    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Test Pattern Generator - The test pattern generator described here features patterns needed for TV repair as well as horizontal lines, vertical lines, dots, blank raster and white screen. The three primary colours are individually switchable.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• VGA Generator that displays an image in the XS Board RAM on a VGA monitor - example of using Virtex series FPGA to generate VGA signals    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Video Test Pattern Generator - generates various test patterns for use when testing and aligning television and video equipment, designed for PAL television system    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Camera power and video use same coax cable - It is convenient to run both the power and the video signal through one coax cable but it needs some extra electronics on both ends of the coaxial cable. The circuitry at the monitor end of the coax cable supplies all the power to the coaxial cable with 24V through a gyrator circuit. The camera end uses a 12V fixed-voltage regulator to supply 12V to a CCD video camera. A driving transistor on camera end modulates the video on the 20V-dc line.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videocircuits.html)
• Making the Y/C Connection    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videoconnector.html)
• Scart-Belegung - SCART pinout picture, texts in german    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videoconnector.html)
• Apple Color Monitor Connections - This Technical Note describes how to connect the Macintosh II Video Card, Macintosh IIci built-in video, and Macintosh LC video to third-party monitors.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videoconnector.html)
• ATSC Standards - digital television standards for USA    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videodigital.html)
• Overview of the MPEG-4 Standard    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videodigital.html)
• EDN hands-on project: Firewire unleashes the power of digital video - IEEE-1394, or Firewire, serial bus promises to enable a number of new applications that rely on rich, high-speed data streams, such as digital video    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videodigital.html)
• Conventional Analog Television - An Introduction    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videodisplay.html)
• ACTS Digital Television Standards - digital HDTV standard for USA in pdf format    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videodisplay.html)
• DVD: breathtaking sight and sound, significant challenges - electronics designer article for basic information how to decode the compressed video and audio, mix DVD and graphics, handle security and encryption, and do it all cheaply    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videodvd.html)
• Conventional Analog Television - An Introduction - lecture material    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videogeneral.html)
• Fields: Why Video Is Crucially Different from Graphics - The major video signals used in the world today are field-based, not frame based. Whenever you deal with video, it is absolutely crucial that you understand a few basic facts about fields. Correctly dealing with fields in software is tricky; it is fundamentally different than dealing with plain ol' graphics images. This document explains many of these basic concepts.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videogeneral.html)
• Linux Digital Fansubbing Guide - This article describes how to fansub DVD video on a Linux platform    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videoproduction.html)
• CCD vs. CMOS    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videoproduction.html)
• CCDs let you design vision into applications - wide price range and versatility of CCDs make them well-suited for many applications    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videoproduction.html)
• CMOS image sensors: ECLIPSING CCDs in visual information? - developments in CMOS image-sensor technology bring new light to applications for cameras and machine vision    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videoproduction.html)
• How Chroma Keying Works - how croma keying can be used to make some movie effects    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videoproduction.html)
• HOW TO: Mix Computer and Video Signals - Computer and video signals are not created equal. You can't mix them (fade) without some conversion. But with a suitable converter and video mixer you can do this job nicely.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videoproduction.html)
• Extron Electronics Technical Information - cables, ground loop, video projection, scan conversion    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videoproduction.html)
• Addenda Electronics VCR control software - Windows-based programs that satisfy several special needs around the Studio    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videoproduction.html)
• The Engineer's Guide to Decoding & Encoding - The subject of video signal encoding and decoding has become increasingly important with trend towards the use of component video technology in video production systems. The handbook treats the entire subject of encoding and decoding of video signal from the first principles leading up to today's most sophisticated technology.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videosignal.html)
• Driving Video Lines - When does a trace or a wire become a transmission line? Bandwidth, characteristic impedance, ESD, and shoot-through considerations for selecting the proper video driver, receiver, mux-amp, or buffer.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videosignal.html)
• The Engineer's Guide to Motion Compensation - necessary technique on good quality frame rate conversion, white paper from Snell & Wilcox series    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videosignal.html)
• The Engineer's Guide to Standards Conversion - white paper    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videosignal.html)
• An introduction to VCRs - focuses on NTSC VCR    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videostorage.html)
• Snell & Wilcox Testcard Screen Savers and Testcard Movies Download    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videotest.html)
• MaximumTestCardOsity - test card information and software to make your own testcards    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videotest.html)
• Generator provides 537 NTSC pattern - generates some useful NTSC TV picture tube test patterns    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videotest.html)
• Testcard Generator - provides a large range of video test patterns ncluding a full colour Test-Card, colour bars, crosshatch, grey-scale, focus grid, colour purity patterns and more, also features a basic sine-wave audio oscillator, set at 800Hz    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videotest.html)
• Video Test Pattern Generator - generates various test patterns for use when testing and aligning television and video equipment, designed for PAL television system    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/videotest.html)
• Andrew's Home Page - 3D video conversion, 3D video papers    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/vr.html)
• Digital Studio Cable Guide - Although digital promises to revolutionize the A/V industry as we know it, it also poses a challenge when it comes to designing, choosing, and installing a new system.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_av.html)
• Coaxial Cable Data - General data for many popular types    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_av.html)
• Low Voltage Home Pre-Wire Guide: Installation Information for the Do-it-Yourselfer - This article is intended to present ideas, discuss experiences, and generally assist those building or remodeling a house, who plan on installing low voltage wiring for audio, video, home automation, phone, and data communications.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_av.html)
• Telemetrix Triax Adapter System    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_av.html)
• Broadband Video over Twisted Pair Cabling - Over the last 10 years we have seen some tremendous advances in the manufacturing technology of balanced twisted pair cabling. This is reflected in the impressive improvement in transmission performance for both cables and connecting hardware from the early days of Category 5. What applications can take advantage of this additional performance? This article tries to answer these questions by defining the benefits of improved cabling performance.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_av.html)
• Fiber in Broadcast and Production Facilities: Top Ten Things to Know    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_av.html)
• Standard Types Of Metallic Cables    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_general.html)
• AWG to mm2 Conversion Wire Gauge Cross Reference Sheet    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_general.html)
• Why is Cable Capacitance Important for Electronic Applications? - High speed data (greater than 1Mb/sec) in digital systems requires precise cable electrical performance. This article examines what determines capacitance in a cable and how it affects system performance.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_general.html)
• Matching 75 Ohms to 50 Ohms - The easiest way is to use resistors. A two way matching network uses a 43.3 ohm and 86.6ohm resistors.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_general.html)
• The Fatal Current - Strange as it may seem, most fatal electric shocks happen to people who should know better. Here are some electro-medical facts that should make you think twice before taking that last chance.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_mains.html)
• Shock Hazard and Grounding - The power supply cord used on most modern electronic equipment has a three pin plug. This article will explain why the separate ground pin is used and why shock hazards will result if the ground system is defeated.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_mains.html)
• The Fatal Current - Electrocution occurs when a small, specific amount of electrical current flows through the heart for 1 to 3 seconds    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_mains.html)
• Powerlines and Cancer FAQs: Introduction - questions and answers on the connection between power lines, electrical occupations and cancer    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_mains.html)
• The fuse-selection checklist: a quick update - a fuse-selection checklist now must include the I2t parameter    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_mains.html)
• NEMA Plug & Receptacle Configurations - This document has information on mains connectors wirings used in USA.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_mains.html)
• North American Cords    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_mains.html)
• NEMA Plug & Receptacle Configurations    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_mains.html)
• $5 junk-box circuit determines phase sequence of three phase power    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_mains.html)
• Powerlines and Cancer FAQs: Introduction    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_mains.html)
• Why is Cable Capacitance Important for Electronic Applications? - High speed data (greater than 1Mb/sec) in digital systems requires precise cable electrical performance. This article examines what determines capacitance in a cable and how it affects system performance.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_telecom.html)
• EIA/TIA-568-A Wiring Standard    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_telecom.html)
• EIA/TIA-568-A Wiring Standard - The EIA/TIA-568-A standard specifies two wiring schemes to be employed in Category 3-5 UTP installations. The difference between the T568A and T568B schemes is that pairs 2 and 3 are reversed. Although 10BaseT only needs two pair (pins 1,2,3,& 6), all four pairs must be terminated in either the T568A or T568B scheme. The T568B scheme is the most popular.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_telecom.html)
• Return loss - Return loss is an important new test measurement for local area networks, especially those migrating to higher speed protocols.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_telecom.html)
• Why is Cable Capacitance Important or Electronic Applications?    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_telecom.html)
• EIA/TIA-568-A Wiring Standard wiring schemes    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/wire_telecom.html)
• Microsoft XML Notepad - a simple prototyping application for HTML authors and developers that enables the rapid building and editing of small sets of XML-based data    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/www.html)
• Microsoft typography Page    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/www.html)
• Adding PHP to Apache on Linux    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/www.html)
• GoAhead WebServer - free embedded web server    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/www.html)
• Adding PHP to Apache on Linux    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/www.html)
• Using .htaccess Files with Apache - The .htaccess file allows customising Apache functionality at the directory level. This article shows how you can use per-directory configuration files, called .htaccess files, to customise Apache behaviour -- or allow your users to do so for their own documents.    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/www.html)
• Python Common Gateway Interface support    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/www.html)
• Python Tutorial    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/www.html)
• How the web works: HTTP and CGI explained    Rate this link - Click here to go to page where this link is listed (/links/www.html)