Here is an overview of the electrical outlets around the world in table format and drawing of different outlet types. The grounding contacts are marked to the picture with green arrows. Type Common Countries Nominal Voltage Grounded A USA, Canada, Mexico, Japan 100–127 V No B USA, Canada, Mexico 100–127 V Yes C Europe, South →
One day I came across a device called “Ethernet Network Isolator” and started to wonder why we would need such device as standard Ethernet system that uses twisted pair cable and RJ-45 connectors is already isolated from both ends of the cable (isolation transformers that can withstand 1500V). When the network connections made with unshielded →
A ground loop in your AV system caused by antenna connection or TV cable is very common if you have your computer connected to the same system. This type of ground loop problem can be solved by using suitable isolator between your AV system and the antenna cable. Antenna isolator is very convient way to →
I saw thus funny audio system noise troubleshooting video at Facebook. It was originally posted to YouTube under name Where does that noise come from? →
Year 1999 A friend called from a big computer festival Assembly 1999 that was starting. It was one of the biggest this type of event in Europe with thousands of people coming with computers. Some of my friends was running big screen and video streaming for the event. They had all the stuff rented and →
The USB isolator is a device that will pass USB signal from input to output connector, while providing galvanic isolation between them. USB isolators are used in applications where direct USB connection can create noise (ground loop noise to audio or measurement), direct connection can be unreliable (noise to USB signal) or where isolation is →
https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2015/05/earthing-and-electrical-grounding-types-of-earthing.html Electrical Earthing, Grounding, Methods Of Earthing, Types of Earthing, Components of Earthing And Its Specifications In Respect To Electrical Earthing for Electrical Installations →
The Valve Wizard web page is about tube amplifiers. They have a very good document on grounding issues in tube circuits. So read their 16 page Grounding document to learn about grounding (both general information and tube amplifier specific information). →
Here is one piece of additional information to my ground loop postings. Ground loops can be introduced when different components in audio systems are connected with standard audio cables, and these loops can cause annoying interference. Grounded audi components generally carry significant currents in their ground returns. Texas Instruments Application Report SLOA143 – October 2009: →
The Rane Library has many interesting audio relaed technical documents. The most famouse of them is Note 110 Sound Systems Interconnections – it is a classic. Just few days ago I happened to look around at The Rane Library, and found some really interesting material related to audio systems and ground loops: Grounding and Shielding →